SPIGELIA.

619

SONCHUS OLERACEUS, Linn.— SOW THISTLE.

Synonimes :— Laiteron, Fr. ; Kohlgacn-sedistel, Germ. ; Svinetistel, Dan. ; Cor-raja, Span. ; Milkdistel, Dut. ; Sonco,Ital. ; Mleczne, Pol. ; Serrutha, Port.;Mjoelk tistel, Swed.

Bruns.; Gall.; Guibourt; Murrayand Gmelin ; Spielmann.

A common plant of Europe. (Syngenesia

Polygamia ¿Equalis, Linn. ; Synantherece,Cass. ; Fig. Zorn, le.pl. 1. 148)

The herb (Herba Sonchilœvis et asperi)is employed. It consists of a branching,cylindrical, glabrous, hollow stem, and ofalternate, embracing, smooth, usually run-cinated leaves, having acute, dentated lobes,of which the terminal is triangular and verylarge. It has a bitterish taste.

SORBUS.

Two species of this genus are employed.

1. Sorbas domestica, Linn.— Sorb, or Service

Tree.

Synonimes :— Cormier, Fr. ; Spierlings-baum, EschrsEsleinbaum, Germ.

Gall. ; Wirtem. ; Bergius ; Bkugna-

TELLI.

A tree of Europe. (Icosandria Monogy-nia, Linn. ; Rosacea, Juss. ; Fig. Jacq.Aitstr. V. t. 447)

The fruit, Sorb Apple (Fructus Sorbí) , isemployed. It is a small pyriform apple,containing three oblong, cartilaginous seeds.It is at first very acerb, but becomes sweetwhen over ripe, though it always preservesa little astringency.

2. Sorbus aucuparia, Linn. — Mountain Ash.

Synonimes :— Sorbier, Sorbier des oise-leurs, Fr. ; Vogelbeerbauin, Germ. ; Fu-glebœr, Dan. ; Serbar de cazador, Span.;Sorbenboom, Dut. ; Sorbo selvático,Ital.; Jakszebina, Pol.; Servereirabrava, Port. ; Rainn, Swed.

Bruns.; Ferr.; Fold. ; Lipp. ; Suec. ;Bergius ; Spielmann.

A tree met with in all parts of Europe.(Icosandria Trigynia, Linn. ; Rosacece,Juss. ; Fig. Zorn, le. pi. t. 440)

The fruit ( Baccee seu Poma Sorbi aucu-parice) is employed. It consists of smallround berries of a vivid red colour, soft,umbillicated at the summit, and containingthree cartilaginous seeds.

Their taste is astringent, acid, and disa-greeable.

The Sorlic Acid which is contained inthem, according to Labillardiere andBraconnot, is merely malic acid.

They are astringent, diuretic, hydragogue,and anti-scorbutic.

ROB OF THE FRUIT OF MOUNTAIN ASH.

Roob Sorbi aucuparia;. (Fuld. ; Lipp.)

R. Berries of Mountain Ash, eight pounds.

Pour a sufficient quantity of water overthem to cover them by a finger's breadth,and set the vessel over a slow fire for halfan hour ; then to the strongly expressedliquor add

Sugar, one pound,

and evaporate slowly to the proper consist-ence.

Dose, from half an ounce to one ounce.

SPIGELIA.

Two species of this genus are used in me-dicine :

1. Spigelia anthelmia, Linn. — AnthelminticSpigelia.

Synonimes : — Spigelie anthelmintique,Fr.; Arapubaca, Braz.; Espigelia, Port.

Amst. ; Batav. ; Bruns. ; Dan. ; Gall. ;Ferr. ; Ross. ; Sax.; Wirtem. ; Her-bip. ; Guibourt ; Murray and Gmelin.