CYPERUS.

601

posed of flosculous corolla:, of a purple-blue colour.

2. Cynara Scolymus, Linn. — Artichoke.

Synonimes :— Artichaut cultivé, Fr. ; Ar-tischoke, Germ.; Hirschuf, Arab. ; Ar-tisko, Dan. ; Kunghir, Pers. ; Alca-chosa, Port. ; Artisjok, Swed.

Dan. ; Hisp.; Gall.; Ainslie ; Bergius;

Murray and Gmelin.

This plant is cultivated in \ itchen gar-dens. [Fig. Blackw. Herb. t. 458.)

The flowers are employed ; they are com-posed of flosculous corollae, of a purple-bluecolour.

CYNOGLOSSUM OFFICINALE, Linn.— HOUND'S TONGUE.

Synonimes : — Cynoglosse, Langue deChien, Fr. ; Hundsztmde, Germ. ; Psygazyk, Bohem. ; Hunde-tungue, Dan.Cynoglosa, Span. ; Hondstong, Dut.Lingua di Cane, Ital. ; Psijerik, Pol.Hundtonga, Swed.

Amst.; Ant. ; Belg. ; Bruns.; Hisp.;Gall. ; Ferr. ; Form. Hôp. Fr. ; Ge-net. ; Hann. ; \Virtem, ; Bergius ;Brugnatelli; Guibourt ; Murrayand Gmelin ; Spielmann ; Zarda.A plant which is found in every part of

Europe. (Pentandria Monogynia, Linn. ;

Borragineœ, Juss. ; Fig. Flor. Medic.

III. 146.)

The root and herb are employed.

The root {Radix Cynoglossi seu Cyno-glossœ majori* seu vulgaris) is large, branch-ing, fusiform, of a reddish-black externall}',and whitish internally : its taste is mawkishand very disagreeable.

The herb consists of a hairy, branchingstem, and of alternate, sessile, long, lanceo-lated, pubescent leaves, of a whitish-greencolour. It has an odour similar to that ofa goat, which disappears after desiccation.The taste is sweetish, mawkish, and rathernauseous.

It is said to be narcotic.

CYNOMORIUM COCCINEUM, Linn.— SCARLET MUSHROOM.

Synonimes :— Champignon de Malte, Fr. ;Maltheserschwamni, Germ. ; Honds-schaft, Dut.; Fongo Maltese, Gozzitano,Ital.

Hisp. ; Gall. ; Fuld. ; Ross. ; Suec. ;Wirtem.; Herbip. ; Bergius; Brug-natelli; Murray and Gmelin; Spi-elmann.A parasitical leafless plant of Sicily and

of Martinique. [Monœcia Monandria, Linn. ;Fig. Desc. Fl. Ant. 96.)

Theplant (FungusMelitensisseu Hería Cy-nomorii) forms an oblong, club-shaped, cylin-drical, somewhat verrucose head, supportedon a thick, rough pedicle. It is of a scarletcolour, inodorous, and of an astringent andslightly acid taste.

It is astringent. — Dose, one dram.

CYPERUS.

Three species of this genus of plants arementioned in pharmacopoeias t

1. Cyperus escnlentus, Linn. — Edible Cy-perus.

Synonimes :— Souchet comestible, Fr. ;Essbare Cyperngras, Erdmandelcypergras,Germ. ; Juncia, avellaneda, Span.

Ferr. ; Brugnatelli.

A plant of the middle of Europe. (Tri-andriaMonogynia,his^¡.; Cyperacece, Juss.;Fig. Mor. Hist.pl. HI. t. 11. fig. 10.)

The root [Dulcichinum sewBulbuhts Thra-sv.$) is employed. It is tuberculous, oval,annulated, and adherent by long filaments.It is of a brownish-red without, and whitewithin, and its taste is sweet, resemblingthat of a filbert.4G