Liber.

mam teneāt probationē: q̄ ita alijs facere fidē poſſūtvt ipſis nihil notius queat īueniri. Nā ſi argumentūē qd̓ rei dubie facit fidē: idqꝫ notius ē: ⁊ ꝓbabiliꝰ eēopꝫ qͣꝫ illud ē qd̓ ꝓbat̉ neceſſe ē vt argumētis oībusilla maximā fidē tribuant: q̄ ita ꝑ ſe nota ſūt: vt aliena probatione nō egeāt. Sed huiuſmōi ꝓpoſitio ꝗdēaliquotiēs ītra ābitū argumēti cōtinet̉: aliquotiensvero extra poſita argumēti vires ſupplet ac perficit.Exēplum quidem eſt eiꝰ argumēti quod maximam ꝓpoſitionem tenet huiuſmodi. Sit enim queſtio an ſitregnum melius conſulatu. Ita igitur dicemus.Regnū diuturniꝰ ē qͣꝫ cōſulatꝰ: cū vtrūqꝫ ſit bonum.At vero quod diuturnius eſt bonum eo quod paruitemporis eſt: melius eſt.Regnum igitur melius eſt qͣꝫ conſulatus.Huic igit̉ argumētatōi maxima ꝓpoſitio .i. locꝰ īſertꝰē: illa .ſ. ꝙ q̄ ſūt diuturniorā bona: melioris ſūt meritiqͣꝫ ea q̄ parui tꝑis ſūt: hoc .n. ita notū ē: vt extrīſecusꝓbatiōe nō egeat: ⁊ ip̄ꝫ alijs poſſit eē ꝓbatio. Atqꝫ iōꝓpoſitio hec totā cōtinet ꝓbationē: ⁊ cū īde naſciturargumētū: recte locꝰ .i. argumēti ſedes vocat̉. Vt v̓oextra poſita ꝓpoſitio maxīa vires afferat argumēto:tale ſit exemplum. Sit propoſitum demonſtrare: quoniam inuidus ſapiens non eſt.Qui enim inuidus eſt: alienis affligitur bonis.Sapiens autem bonis non affligitur alienis.Inuidus igitur ſapiens non eſt.Inhac igit̉ argumētatōe ꝓpoſitio ꝗdē maxīa nō videtur īcluſa: ſꝫ argumētatōi vires ip̄a maxīa ꝓpoſitio ſubminiſtrat. Eſt .n. ſyllogiſmo fides ex ea ꝓpoſitiōe ꝑ quā cognoſcimꝰ. Quorū diuerſa eſt diffinitio:ip̄a quoqꝫ eē diuerſa. Et aūt ī diffinitione īuidi alienis bonis tabeſcere. Qd̓ qm̄ nō venit ī ſapiētē: idcirco īuidus a ſapiēte ſeiūgitur. Eſt igit̉ vno ꝗdē mō locus (vt dictū ē) maxima ⁊ vl̓is ⁊ pͥncipalis ⁊ indemōſtrabilis: atqꝫ ꝑ ſe nota ꝓpoſitio: q̄ ī argumnētatiōibꝰvel īter ipſas ꝓpoſitiōes vel extrīſecus poſita: viꝫ tn̄argumētis ⁊ cōcluſiōibꝰ ſubminiſtrat. Io aūt vniuerſales ⁊ maxīe ꝓpoſitōeſ loci ſūt dicte: qm̄ ip̄e ſūt q̄ ꝯtinēt ceteras ꝓpoſitiōes: ⁊ ꝑ eas ſit cōſequēs ⁊ rata concluſio. Ac ſicut locus ī ſe corporis ꝯtinet quātitatem:ita heꝓpoſitiōes q̄ ſūt maxīe: ītra ſe oēꝫ viꝫ poſteriorū atqꝫ ip̄ius cōcluſiōis cōſequētiā tenēt. ⁊ vno ꝗdeꝫmō locꝰ .i. argumēti ſedes dicit̉ maxīa pͥncipaliſqꝫ ꝓpoſitio fidē ceteris ſubminiſtrās. Alio v̓o mō loci vocātur maxīarū differētie ꝓpoſitiōum: q̄ .ſ. ab his ducunt̉ terminis ꝗ ī qōne ſūt cōſtituti. De ꝗbꝰ deincepsdiſſerēdū ē. Cū .n. ſint plurime ꝓpoſitiōes q̄ maximevocātur: heqꝫ īter ſe diſſimiles: ꝗbuſcūqꝫ differētijsīter ſe diſcrepēt: eas oēs locos vocamꝰ: Nā ſi ipſe propoſitōes maxīe argumētoꝝ loci ſūt: ⁊ differētias eaꝝargumētoꝝ locos eē neceſſe ē. Nā vniuſcuiuſqꝫ ſubſtantia ꝓprijs differētijs cōſtat: vt hominis ex rationalitate q̄ eius ē differētia. Et hi loci ꝗ ſūt differētiaꝓpoſitionū ip̄is ꝓpoſitionibꝰ vniuerſaliores exiſtūt:velut vniuerſalior ē rōalitas hoīe. Atqꝫ iō paucioreshi loci eē dep̄hēdunt̉ ꝗ ī differētijs poſiti ſūt qͣꝫ ꝓpoſitiōes ip̄e quaꝝ ſūt differētie. Oīa .n. q̄ vniuerſaliora ſūt pauciora eē cōtingit. Et iō facile ſub ſciētiā cadere pn̄t: quoꝝ taꝫ multus numerus nō eſt: vt cito amemoria diſcentis elabātur. Que v̓o ſūt he differentie melius diuiſiōe ꝓducit̉. In p̄dicatiuis aūt qōnibꝰvnus ꝗdē ſubiectus terminus dicit̉ alius p̄dicatus.Nilqꝫ in predicatiuis queſtionibus aliud queritur niſi an ſubiecto predicatus inhereat. Quod ſi ineſſe cō-

ſtiterit: queritur ita ne inſit vt genus aut vt accidensaut vt proprium: aut vt diffinitio. Nam ſi oſtenditurnon ineſſe: nil de queſtione relinquitur. Nam quodoratio non ineſt: nec vt accidens: nec vt diffinitio: necvt genus: nec vt proprium ineſſe poteſt: ꝙ ſi ineſſe cōſtiterit reſtat queſtio quis nam modus ſit de quatuoinherendi. Solum vero īeſſe ad accidens maxime ꝑtinet. Nūc neqꝫ vt genꝰ: neqꝫ vt diffinitio: neqꝫ vt ꝓprium ineſt: ſed tamen ineſt vt accidens ineſſe neceſſe ē. Que cum ita ſint eorum locorum quos in marimarum propoſitionū differentia cōſtituimꝰ faciēdadiuiſio eſt. Per ſingula v̓o queqꝫ currentibus manfeſtius apparebit exemplis: quibus maxime propoſtiones a ſuis differentijs diſtent. Etenim queſtione.argumēta ⁊ ꝓpoſitiōes maximas ac principales: earumqꝫ locos: ideſt differentias per vnumquodqꝫ dabimus exēplū. Oēs igit̉ loci .i. maximarū differentiepropoſitionū aūt ab his ducātur neceſſe ē terminis:ī queſtione ſūt poſiti: predicato .ſ. atqꝫ ſubiecto: aut extrinſecus aſſumātur: aut horū medij: qui īter vtroſqꝫverſantur. Eoꝝ v̓o locoꝝ qui ab his ducūtur terminis: de ꝗbꝰ in queſtione dubitatur: duplex modus eſtvnus quidē ab eorū ſubſtātia. Alter ꝟo ab his queeoꝝ ſubſtantiam conſequūtur. Hi v̓o ꝙ a ſubſtātiaſunt: in ſola diffinitione cōſiſtūt. Diffinitio enim ſubſtantiā mōſtrat: ⁊ ſubſtātie ītegra demōſtratio diffiuitio eſt. Sed id quod dicimꝰ patefaciamus exēplis:vt oīs q̄ſtionum vel argumentationum vel locorunratio colliqueſcat. Age enī queratur: an arbores animalia ſint: fiatqꝫ huiuſmodi ſyllogiſmus.Animal eſt ſubſtantia animata ſenſibilis.Arbor v̓o ſubſtātia animata ſenſibilis non eſt.Arbor igitur animal non eſt.Hec qō ē de genere: vtrū enī arbores ſub alaliū. genere ſint ponēde q̄rit̉. Locꝰ ꝗ in vniuerſali ꝓpoſitiōecōſiſtit: hic ē cui diffinitio generis nō ꝯuenit: id eiꝰ cuius ea diffinitio ē: ſpēs nō ē. Loci ſuꝑior differētialocus nihilominus nuncupatur a diffinitiōe. Uidesigit̉ vt tota dubitatio queſtiōis ſyllogiſmi argumentatione tracta ſit per cōueniētes ⁊ cōgruas ꝓpoſitiones que vim ſuā ex prima ꝓpoſitione cuſtodint ex eſcilicet q̄ negat eē ſpēm: cui nō cōuenit generis diffinitio: atqꝫ ipſa vniuerſalis ꝓpoſitio a ſubſtātia tractaē vniꝰ eoꝝ termini ꝗ ī q̄ſtione locati ſūt: vt animalisideſt ab eius diffinitiōe: que eſt ſubſtantia animataſenſibilis. Ita igitur ī ceteris queſtionibꝰ ſtrictim acbreuiter locorum differētijs cōmemoratis opꝫ vniuſcuiuſqꝫ proprietatem vigilātis animi alacritate percipere. Huiꝰ aūt loci ꝗ a ſubſtātia ducit̉: duplex ē medus: partim nāqꝫ a diffinitiōe: partim a deſcriptiōeargumēta ducūtur. ¶ Differt āt diffinitio a deſcriptione: ꝙ diffinitio genus ⁊ differētias ſumit. Deſcriptio ſubiecti ītelligētiā claudit ꝗbuſdā vel accidentibus efficientibus vnā ꝓprietatē vel ſubſtātialibꝰ diferētijs preter genus cōueniens aggregatis. Sed hediffinitiones que ab accidētibus fiunt: tam etſi videtur nullo mō ſubſtātiā demōſtrare: tn̄ qm̄ ſepe veridiffinitionis vice ponunt̉ que ſubſtātiā demōſtratille etiā propoſitōes que a deſcriptōe ſumūtur: a ſuiſtātie loco vident̉ aſſumi: huiꝰ v̓o tale ſit exēplū: qͥrtur enim an albedo ſubſtātia ſit: hic q̄ritur an albeasſubſtātie velut generi ſupponat̉. Dicimus igitur.Subſtātia ē: q̄ oībus accidētibꝰ poſſit eē ſubiectuſꝫAlbedo autem nullis accidentibus ſubiacet.Albedo igitur ſubſtantia non eſt.Locus