TROPHIMUS

TRYPHO

1055

the restitution to lay-communion was to all1 pr ince later than the secession of Novatian.appear [■£_ w. B.]

TROPHIMUS ( 2 ), Sep, 19, martyred atSrnnada under the emperor Probus, cir. 278.He and Dorvmedon were exposed in the amphi-theatre to the wild beasts, who, however, wouldnot molest them, and they were finally despatchedbr executioners. Their Acta in Greek and Latiuare given in Boll. Acta SS. 19 Sept. vi. 9, andthev are also mentioned among the praetermissiof Sep. 18 (t. v. p. 758, ed. lt>66). [C. H.]

TROPHIMUS (3), ST., first bishop of Arles,has been the subject of eager controversy. Ac-cording to the tradition of the see, he was thedisciple of St. Paul mentioned in the Acts andthe 2nd Epistle to Timothy, and was sent forthas a missionary to Arles by St. Peter or St.Paul, or both. As early as 417 pope Zosimus,in a letter to the bishops of Gaul, speaking ofthe city of Arles, says : “Ad quam primum exhacsede Trophimus summus antistes, ex cujusfonte totae Galliae fidei rivulos acceperunt, direc-tus est ” ( Epist . i. Patr. Lat. xx, 645); and inthe same pope’s letter to Hilary, bishop ofNarbonne, Trophimus was “ quondam ad Arela-tensem urbem ab apostolica sode transmissus ”(Ep. 6, Patr. Lat. ibid. 667). Again, the nineteenbishops of the province of Arles, writing to popeLeo about the middle of the 5th century, assertthat it is known to all Gaul and to the churchof Home “ prima intra Gallias Arelatensis civitasmissum a beatissimo Petro apostolo sanctumTrophimum habere meruit sacerdotem, et exindealiis paulatim regionibus Gailiarum bonum fideiet religionis infusum ” {Patr. Lat. liv. 1880),though it should be mentioned that the genuine-ness of this letter has been questioned. So too,Ado, in his Martyrologium (Dec. 29) and Chroni-con. On the other hand, Gregory of Tours, ap-parently quoting from the Acta of St. Satur-ninus, says in effect that Trophimus arrived inGaul with the first bishops of Tours, Paris, andother cities in the consulate of Decius and Gratus,i.e. after the middle of the 3rd century; and ina very old catalogue of the archbishops pub-lished by Mabillon, Vetera Analecta , p. 220, Paris,1723, he is preceded by Dionysius, as though hewere the second bishop. The question to whichsome bitterness has been imparted, from the factthat it is closely connected with the hotlyresented claims of the early archbishops of Arlesto a sort of primacy in Gaul, is elaboratelydiscussed by Trichaud {Hist, de VEqlise d’Arles,21-143). J

Nothing is known of the life of Trophimus,whose day of commemoration is Dec. 29, andwho was succeeded by St. Regulus. The cathe-ral church at Arles was dedicated to him, withot. Stephen. {Gall. Christ, i. 519.) [S. A. B.]

TRUMBEUT (1), (Tunberte), was consecra-^ ^ s h°p of Hexham by Theodore in a.o. 681( eda, iv. 12). For some reason or other hewas deposed in a.d. 684. (Beda, iv. 28.)

[J. R.]

r ^.^MBERT (2), a pupil and friend of bishopea da, probably at Lastingham. He was after-wards one of the instructors of Beda in the Holycrip uies, and gave to him some account of hisMaster, particularly describing his conduct

and words during a thunderstorm. It seemsprobable, therefore, that Trumbert had becomea monk at Jarrow. (Beda, H. E. iv. 3.) [J. R.]

TRITMIIEKI, the third bishop cf the Mer-cians, Lindisfnri, and Middle Angles, followingCellach, before the see was established; anAnglian by birth, trained and ordained by theScots (i.e. by Finan at Lindisfarne); previouslyabbot of Ingetlingum (Gilling near Richmond), amonastery constructed by him on the spotwhere Oswin was slain by Oswy, for perpetualprayer for both kings, the land being grantedfor that purpose by Oswy, at the request of hisqueen Eantled, she and Trumheri being bothrelated to Oswin (Bed. iii. 24). Wharton ( Angl.S'tc. i. 423) fixes the dates of his episcopate as660-663, while Stubbs gives 659-662 (Stubbs,Beg. Sac. 2; Moberly’s Bede, 167, 190).

[C. H.]

TRUMWIN (Triumwini), a missionarybishop, who was consecrated by Theodore in a.d.681, and sent to labour among the Piets (Beda,iv. 12). In A.D. 685 he was present at thesynod on the Alne, and was one of those whowent thence to Lindisfarne to persuade Cuthbertto accept the bishopric (Id. iv. 28). In the fol-lowing year, in consequence of the troubleswhich arose after the death of Ecgfrid, Trumwinresigned his see, and retired with his friendsfrom the monastery of Aebbercurnig, or Aber-corn, at the head of the Frith of Forth, to amore peaceful abode, the monastery of Streones-halch, or Whitby, where he spent the remainderof a long life as a monk. He died and wasburied at Whitby. (Id. iv. 26.) [J. R.]

TRY CHAN, bishop of Llandaff, in probablythe second half of the 7th century; in hisepiscopate many grants were made to the see ofLlandaff, and he is probably also the clericalwitness named Trychan under the bishopsOudoceus and Berthgwyn, being under thelatter called “Trican lector.” (Lib. Land, byRees, pass.; Stubbs, Beg. 156.) [J. G.]

TRYGETIUS (1), a young man, and fellowcitizen with Augustine in Africa, who havingserved for a time in the army joined him togetherwith Ucentius as a pupil in the house which heoccupied at Cassiciacum, and as well as his fellowpupil slept in the same room with him, a.d. 386(Aug. c. Acad. i. 1,4; cfo Ord. i. 2, 5; 3, 6 ;de Beat. Vit. i. 6). They also made a vacationexcursion together into Liguria (id. de qu. an.31, 62). He is described by Augustine as aninterlocutor in the dialogues contra AcademicoSjde Ordine, and de Beata Vita. In the first ofthese he appears as arguing against the Acade-mic philosophy, and in general as taking thepractical rather than the theoretical side in thearguments, in which, though plainly a Christianin belief, but not perhaps in possession, hewas led hypothetically to deny the providence ofGod. (Aug. de Ord. i. 2, 5 ; 6, 17 ; 10, 29;de Beat. l4 i. 7, 8.) [H. W. R.]

TRYGETIUS (2), envoy [Trigetics].

TRYGETIUS (3), a friend of Sidonius Apol-linaris (Sid. Ep. viii. 12). [H. W. R.]

TRYPHO (1). [See Justinus (2), p. 570.]