1054
TRISCELIDAE
TROPHIMUS
whose deacon he became. He obtained great cele-brity for his scriptural learning and eloquence asa preacher. For the story of Spyridon’s rebuke ofhis over-refinement in phraseology, see Spyridon.Jerome calls him “ the most eloquent man of hisage,” and states that many works were ascribedto him, of which his commentary on the Canti-cles was the only one he had read (Hieron. Be Eccl.Script, c. 92). He also reckons Triphyllius amongthe chief Christian writers in his letter toMagnus (Hieron. Ep. 84 [70]). According toSuidas, Triphyllius wrote the life of his master,Spyridon, in Greek iambics, in a very edifyingmanner (Soz. H. E. i. 11; Le Quien, Or. Christ.ii. 1075; Tillemont, Mem. Eccl€s. vii. 245;Cave, Hist. Lit. i. 206 ; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. viii.633, ix. 321). [E. V.]
TRISCELIDAE, a name bestowed by Prae-destinatus on heretics, of whom Augustine tells(ffaer . 74) that they looked on Father, Son, andHoi y Ghost, not as each possessing perfect divinity,but as the names of three parts into which theDeity is divided. [G. S.]
TRITHEITES, a subdivision of the Mono-physites towards the end of the sixth century.They emphasised the personal distinctions in theGodhead to such an extent that they wereaccused of teaching tritheism. John of Ephesuswas a contemporary of the sect, and in hisEcclesiastical History, pp. 50-52 (Payne Smith’stranslation) gives us an account of them. Theywere founded by one Joannes Ascasnagus, orAscusnaghes, a philosophical teacher of Con-stantinople. They flourished through the patron-age and support of Athanasius, son of the em-press Theodora [Theodora]. Their leading menwere John Philipinus Conon (4), of Tarsus,and Eugenius (24), of Seleucia. A great dis-cussion, lasting four days, was held at Constan-tinople between the Tritheites and the moreorthodox section of the Monophysites. The dis-cussion is said to have exhibited an instance oftoleration rare in that age. The orthodoxpatriarch of C. P. presided. The Monophysites,John of Ephesus, and Paul, afterwards patriarchof Antioch, upheld orthodoxy as against theTritheites represented by Conon and his friends.It was agreed that appeal should be made tonone other save Monophysite authorities likeSeverus of Antioch. The Tritheites were de-feated (see Assemani, Bib. Orient, ii. 327-329).Roscelin, the father of Monothelism, was accusedof teaching the same view as Anselm in cent. xi.
[G. T. S.]
TROILTTS (1), a celebrated Sophist of Con-stantinople. Socrates, the church historian, isbelieved to have been his pupil about a.d. 380.Troilus was a native of Side in Pamphylia, anda relation of Philip, presbyter of Side. [Philip-rus (9).] (Socrat. H. E. vii. 27, ed. Vales.)He was the chief adviser of Anthemius, prae-torian prefect, who acted as regent during theminority of Theodosius the younger, l. c. vii. 1.Some of his commentaries on Hermogenes arestill extant in MS. (Fab. Bib. Graec. vi. 76, 140;viii. 83). [G. T. S.]
TROILUS (2), a bishop of Cyprus, who, it wasstated by Rheginus of Constantia in his memo-rial to the council of Ephesus, had suffered
much in. old time from the clergy of Antioch(Labbe, iii. 787 ; Le Quien, Or. Christ, ii. 1046).
[E. V.]
TROJANUS (Troftanus, Trophtanus),ST., sixth bishop of SaiiVes (circ. a.d. 511-532).According to Gregory of Tours, who gives thestory of a miraculous interview between himand St. Martin of Tours, his reputation forsanctity was so great that the people used topluck the fringe from his cloak as he went abouthis diocese. He was buried outside the wallsnear St. Bibianus, the second bishop of the see(huic conjunctus coelo, vioinus est tumulo), andthe spot became famous for cures wrought onthe possessed and diseased who prayed there(Greg. Tur. Be Glor. Conf. lix.). In 1568 hisremains were destroyed by Calvinists. His dayis variously given as Nov. 30, Dec. 1, andDec. 30. He is probably the bishop Trojanuswho wrote a short letter to Eumerius in answerto one asking advice on the subject of a boywho was ignorant whether he had been baptized(Migne, Bat . Lat. lxvii. 995; Gall. Christ, ii.1056). [S. A. B.]
TROPHIMUS (1), Cyp. Ep. 55, 11 (Tro-fimus, Hartel), an Italian bishop ( sacerdotii ) whooffered incense in the Decian persecution, andwas followed by all his flock in this lapse. Hewas restored to lay-communion by Cornelius,bishop of Rome. It is not denied that hispeople’s attachment to him, and the assurancethat they would follow his return, eased thereception of Trofimus. The Novatianists for-warded to Africa the misstatement that Cor-nelius had restored him to his episcopal orders,and so shook the confidence of some in him ; butCyprian of his own knowledge denies the state-ment. It is improbable that a lapsed bishopwould be obliged or allowed to do public penance.The expression that Trofimus with “ penance ofentreaty confessed his own fault” is itselfagainst it, and although it is said that he made“ satisfaction,” it is presently added that “ thereturn of the brethren made satisfaction forhim.” The restoration seems to have beenmade at the Roman council of June (or July)A.D. 251, from the words ( Ep . 55, ix. (6), II 11),tractatu cum collegis plurimis habito susceptus est.Ritschl ( Cyprian von Karthago , p. 79) callsTrofimus a “ sacrificatus,” though the case ofthe sacrificati is treated separately in the nextsection of Ep. 55, and though the words Trofimoet turijicatis do not make it certain that he waseven a “ Turificatus.” Ritschl also bases afalse argument on his false rendering of “ conli-gendis fratribus nostris carissimus Frater nosternecessitate succubuit,” saying that “it is nodefence of Trophimus that he had, after theexample of earlier bishops, sacrificed himself forhis flock, in order to keep them together.” Frateris of course Cornelius, and necessitas is the obli-gation which he felt to receive Trophimus, in ac-cordance with precedents, for the sake of recover-ing the whole diocese. Fechtrup also blundersabout this unhappy man, “ seeing ” in his resti-tution the “ special occasion ” of the secession ofNovatian. The “sight” is too acute, since (1)it must have been known in Rome that Tro-phimus was not restored to orders, though itwas reported to Africa that he was; and (2)