356

BUITE

CABBALAH

Wcst»Saxon lady is confirmed by her close friend-ship with Boniface, and that she was a Kentishabbess is illustrated by the evidence of kingEthelbert. The two together throw great lighton the poem. Some of the other letters of Boni-face, addressed to nuns unnamed, may possiblybe referred to her [S.]

BUITE. [Boethius.]

BULGARANUS, a Spanish count of Gothicdescent, governor of Gallia Narbonensis , underGundemar king of the Visi-Goths, c. 610. Let-ters of his addressed to Gundemar, and the chiefbishops of the district, of some value for the his-tory of his age, are printed in Migne Patrol.Ixxx. 107—112, from Mariana Istor, de Esp ., vol.iii. append., who copied them from MSS. in thelibraries of the churches of Oviedo and Alcala(Complutum). They chiefly refer to the dangerimpending from the designs of Brunechild, whohad instigated the king of the Avars againstTheutibert, and urge the appointment of days ofhumiliation, with fastings and litanies, to avertthe calamity. (Cf. Cl. Anton, Biblioth. Hispan.Vet. tom. i. lib. 5, c. 5; Cave, Hist. Lit. i. 574.)

„ „ . [ E - V-]

BUNDUS (BoOrSos), a Manichean sectary(Jo. Malalas, Chron. xii. p. 410), who added somedoctrines of his own, and taught them in Romeduring the reign of Diocletian, and afterwardsin Persia. He held that God had made warwith the evil principle and conquered it; andthat men ought to worship the conqueror. Ma-lalas adds that his doctrine was called in thePersian language >rb rwv AapurBevav, b ep/urj-vgv€tcu rb too ayadov. [E. B, C.]

BURIENA, ST., one of the Irish ascetics (saidto have been the daughter of a king), who settledin the wild Land’s End district, in Cornwall,during the 6th century (Leland, Bin. iii. pp. 7, 8,18 ; Acta Sanctorum May 29 ; vol. vii. p. 37, cf.Alford, Annals , 460, uum. vi. on the Irish saintsin Cornwall). The two churches which havebeen always connected with St. Burian, are thoseof St. Senanus and St. Levanus, also from Ireland.\thelstan defeated the Cornish king Howel,i)26-8, in which last year he held a Gemot atExeter, and made Conan bishop of Cornwall.He completed the conquest of Cornwall and theScilly Islands, in 936. In gratitude for hisvictory, he is said to have founded a collegiatechurch in honour of St. Burian, as well as amonastery at Bodmin, in honour of S. Peckock,also an Irish Saint. The clergy who served thecollegiate church (called Eglosberrie in Domes-day—the prefix Eglos is much rarer in Cornwallthan the Cymric prefix Lan, which againseldom occurs in Scotland) seem to have beenseven in number. The charter of Athelstan,however, which the canons produced, was de-nounced by bishop Grandison, in Edward III.’stime, as a forgery, and it is only valuable asshewing the extent of the lands and their oldboundaries (Kemble, Codex Diplomatics , No.1143, Oliver’s Mona st icon Dioecesis Exoniensis).St. Burian’s day is May 29, or June 19 (“ Registerpf St. Buriena,” quoted in Wilson’s Martyrolo-ymm, ed. 2, 1640), or June 4 (Alban Butler)or May 1. The parish feast is on the nearestSunday to old May Day. In fact parish feastswere often transferred in later times to theSunday nearest to some special day. The Mar-

tyrologium of the Church of Exeter placed it onMay 1, and adds “ Sanctae Berionae Virginiameritis filius regis Gerontii a paralysis morbocuratus est ” (Oliver’s Monast.). The first twoCornish kings of that name are placed in 530and 596 respectively, the third was living in705, when Aldhelm wrote him a celebratedletter. [C. W. B.]

C

CABADES, Cabat, Coades, Cobad, are sundryrepresentations of a name borne bv a Persianking, spelt on his coins TN1D (Covdd), and sup-posed by Longperier ( M&dailles des Sassanides,p. 68) to be derived from the ancient name of thesun-god. Cabades I. was succeeded by his son,Chosroes I., a.d. 531; for part of the history ofbis war with Rome, A.d. 502. see Celer; for hislife see Chosroes. Cabades II. or Siroes murderedhis father, Chosroes II., A.D. 628, and died ofplague not long after. [E. B. B.]

CABBALAH (rtap) or Kabbalah andCabbalists or Kabbalists. By the first termis meant that famous system of religious philo-sophy or theosophy; and by the second term,the disciples and promoters of this esoteric doc-trine, known in the Christian church ever sincethe middle ages. Though this mysterious doc-trine is of peculiarly Jewish origin, and thosewho developed it, and explained Holy Writ inaccordance with its principles, were chiefly Jews,yet as such distinguished scholars as RaymondLully (1234 or 1235-1315), John Reuchlin (1455-1522), John Pico di Mirandola (1463-1494), theleaders of Christian opinion abroad, and our owncelebrated countrymen Robert Fludd (1574-1637),and Henry More (1614—1687), not only found inthe Cabbalah an explanation of the secret tiewhich binds all created things together andunites them with the Creator, but introducedthis doctrine into the Christian church, a suc-cinct account of the marvellous system is ab-solutely necessary in a Dictionary of ChristianLiterature.

I. Name and its Signification. —The name

Cabbalah (r6np from 'pnp to receive), whichprimarily signifies reception , and secondarily, adoctrine received by oral tradition , has been givento this theosophy, because its advocates main-tain that it is of pre-Adamite existence, and thatever since the creation of the first man it hasbeen received uninterruptedly from the mouthsof the patriarchs and prophets. God himselftaught it first to a select company of angels,who after the fall most graciously communicatedit to the disobedient child of earth, to furnishthe protoplasts with the means of returning totheir pristine state of happiness and communionwith the Deity. From Adazn it passed over toNoah, Abraham, and gradually to Moses, whocovertly laid down the principles of it in thefirst four books of the Pentateuch, withholdingthem however from Deuteronomy. Moses alsoinitiated the Seventy Elders into its secrets,and they again transmitted them, in an un-broken line of tradition, to David, Solomon, andso on till Simon ben Yochai, the last depositary