PHARMACOPCEIAL VEGETABLE DRUGS.

article of domestic use and preparation (in his journey to Herat) byseveral tribes of native Africans. Sugar as a remedy in itself has beenquite often a therapeutic factor in both domestic and regulär medica-tion.

SALVIA

Sage, Salvia officinalis, has been used by the herbalists from alltime, being likewise employed as a flavor in culinary directions. Pliny(514), Theophrastus (633), and other early writers mention this plant,which is now cultivated in all temperate regions of the world. It isstill employed in decoctions as a domestic medicinal drink, and whenbruised the fresh herb is applied as a poultice to sprains and swellings.Its empirical use antedates its employment in systematic medicine.

SANGUINARIA

Bloodroot, Sanguinaria canadensis, is found throughout thetemperate regions of the United States east of the Mississippi River.It was used by the Indians as a dye for coloring their garments andfor staining their faces and bodies, in which direction it fulfilled thedouble object of a coloring material as well as to keep away insects,it being disagreeable to them. The Indians also used it as an acridemetic and, mixed with other herbs, in the form of an ointment asan application to indolent ulcers, its action being somewhat escharotic.The early settlers employed it in these directions, while its efhcacy incoughs and eolds established it as a constituent of home-made Com-pounds such as syrups and tinctures. The professional use as well asgreat reputation of this drug and its alkaloidal constituents (388a)are due to the Eclectic school of medicine, although its qualities hadbeen well established previous to the systematic efforts made by phy-sicians of this school.' Sanguinaria was mentioned by Barton (43),Cutler (178), Thacher (631), Schöpf (582), Bigelow (69), and otherearly investigators, whose recorded Statements demonstrate the methodof its introduction to have been as herein described. In connectionwith lard, arsenic, and hydrated ferric oxide it constitutes a once popu-lär cancer remedy. It is a constituent of the early Eclectic CompoundTar Plaster (see Phytolacca).

SANTALUM RUBRUM

Red sandalwood, red sanders (Pterocarpus santalinus), is asmall tree native to the southern part of the Indian Peninsula, beingfound at Canara, Mysore, and the Coromandel Coast. It is also foundin the Southern Philippines. The wood is obtained.chiefly from plan-tations in the forests of the Kurnool Hills and adjacent localities neigh-boring to Madras. The beginning of the use of the wood of this treefor temples and other primitive religious buildings is lost in antiquity.Marco Polo (518) refers to the fact that sandalwood was importedinto China, distinguishing this variety by the word red. Garcia deOrta (480), of Goa, in the sixteenth Century, distinguishes between

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