In Topica cicero. commentarioꝝ li. iii. 158

ad caput generis ⁊ quaſi fontē referri pōt. Notionē appello: qd̓ greci tū. ερροῖαρ: tū. πρόδήꝙῖρ. eaē inſita ex an̄ꝑcepta cuiuſqꝫ forma cognitio enodatiōis īdigēs. Forme ſūt igit̉ he in qͦs genꝰ ſine vllius p̄termiſſiōe dīdit̉: vt ſi ꝗs ius: in legeꝫ: morē eꝗtatē diuidat. formas ꝗ putat idē eē qd̓ ꝑtes ꝯfunditartē: ⁊ ſimilitudīe quadā ꝯturbatꝰ n̄ ſatis acute. qͦſūt ſecernēda: diſtīguit: ſepe ēt diffiniūt ⁊ oratorespoete ꝑ trāſlationē v̓bi ex ſimilitudīe cū aliqua ſuauitate. ſꝫ ego a nr̄is exēplis niſi neceſſario nō recedā. Solebat igr̄ Aꝗlius collega ⁊ familiaris mecū de littoribꝰ ageret̉. q̄ oīa publica eē vultis q̄rertibus his: ad quos ꝑtinebat ꝗd eēt littus ita diffinire. qua fluctus eluderet hoc ē quaſi ꝗ adoleſcētiaꝫflorē etatiſ: ſenectutē occaſū vite velit diffinire. trāſlatiōe .n. vtēs diſcedebat a v̓bis ꝓpriis reꝝ ac ſuisqd̓ ad diffinitōes attinet hactenꝰ reliqua videam¶ Qm̄ diffinitionū formas ī ꝑtitionē: diuiſionēqꝫ diſtribuit: qͣ ne reꝝ auditor ſimilitudīe turbaret̉: diuiſionis ac ꝑtitiōis dr̄ias ꝓdit. ac primū aliud ꝑtes: alid̓ſpēs eē demōſtrat. Spēs .n. ſepę ꝑtes: ꝑtes v̓o nūqͣꝫſpēs appellant̉. Differūt v̓o hec a ſe: qm̄ ꝑs totiꝰ mēbra ꝯiungit. Spēs vero totū diuidit: atqꝫ diſꝑtit. nāvt ſuꝑius quoqꝫ dcm̄ ē: ꝑtes eiꝰ qd̓ copulāt nō ſuſcipiūt nomē totiꝰ. Neqꝫ .n. fundamēta vel tectū domꝰeē dici pn̄t. nā niſi oīa q̄ ꝗd efficiūt: iūcta ſint totiꝰ vocabulū ſingula nō hēbūt. at v̓o ſpēs ēt ſingule generis ſuſcipiūt nomē vt hō aīalis: quo ſit vt in his illaquoqꝫ dr̄ia poſſit agnoſci: ꝙ ꝑtes ꝗdē totiꝰ ꝑtes: ſpēsv̓o nō totiꝰ: ſed vl̓is rei id ē generis ſpēs eē dn̄r. differt v̓o totū a genere: ꝙ genꝰ vl̓e eſt: totū vero minime. qd̓ ꝓbat̉ hoc mō. Si .n. id qd̓ totū dr̄: vt domusvl̓e eſſet: ꝑtes quoqꝫ eius totiꝰ ſuſciperēt nomē: at nōſuſcipiūt: vt ſepe monſtratū eſt. qd̓ igit̉ totū eſt: vniuerſaliū nō ē. Genus v̓o vl̓e eē manifeſtū eſt: qm̄ eiꝰnomē deducte ab eo forme ſuſcipiūt. itē alia dr̄ia. Genus ſemꝑ ſpēbus ſuis prius ē. totū vero ſuis ꝑtibꝰ poſteriꝰ inuenit̉. niſi .n. ꝑtes fuerint totū nō pōt iungi.Quo ſit vt ſi genus pereat: ſpēs quoqꝫ perimāt̉. Siſpēs intereat: maneat genꝰ: qd̓ ī ꝑtibꝰ totoqꝫ ꝯͣriumeſt. Nā ſi ꝑs q̄libet vna ꝑeat: totū neceſſe eſt interire.ſi v̓o totū: qd̓ ꝑtes iunxerāt: diſſipet̉: ꝑtes maneāt diſtribute: veluti ſi domꝰ tecta ⁊ parietes ⁊ fundamētaa ſemetipſis extrīſecus ponita intelligāt̉: domꝰ quidēnō erit: qꝛ cōiunctio deſtructa eſt: ꝑtes tn̄ manebūt.Propriis igit̉ noībꝰ. M. T. ꝑtes ꝗdē veluti totiꝰ mēbra cōpellat. ſpēs v̓o formas: idcirco qm̄ nō ſatis eiapta vr̄ inflexio caſuuꝫ ab eo noīe: qd̓ eſt ſpēs: ⁊ licetplures inꝗt vſurpauerint hoc nomē: tn̄ qm̄ dura huius noīs ꝑ caſus inflexio eſt. cū dr̄ ſpēi. ſpēruꝫ. ſpēbusIdcirco ꝯmoditatē in dicēdo (vt ipſe ait) nō arbitratus ē negligēdā: vt formas vocaret: In cuiꝰ noīs caſibus nulla eē ſentit̉ aſꝑitas. ⁊ qm̄ forma p̄ter genª eēnō pōt (Nihil .n. p̄ter ſuū pōt eē principiū) vtrorūqꝫappoſuit diffinitiōes. Dicens genꝰ eē notionē ad plures dr̄ias ꝑtinētē. notio v̓o ē intellectꝰ ꝗdā ⁊ ſimplemētis cōceptio: q̄ ad res plures ꝑtineat a ſeinuicē differētes. Id v̓o genꝰ eē māifeſtū ē: qd̓ aptiſſimo liq̄texēplo. Aīalis ꝗppe ītellectꝰ ad plures dr̄ias ꝑtīet adrōnale .ſ. atqꝫ irrōnale: ad mortale ēt atqꝫ immortalead ambulabile: reptibile: volatile: natatile: ⁊ eſt eoꝝoīuꝫ: q̄ ſub his differētiis ſita ſūt genꝰ. Idē v̓o ſignat

hec diffinitio: qd̓ ēt vetꝰ: hec hmōi ē. Genꝰ ē: qd̓ depluribꝰ ſpē differētibꝰ ī eo qd̓ ꝗd ē p̄dicat̉. velut aīalgenª ad plures res ſpē differētes .i. ad hoīeꝫ atqꝫ equum in eo qd̓ ꝗd eſt p̄dicat̉. Nā interrogātibꝰ ꝗd ē hōvel equus: aīal dr̄. Itē forme diffinitionē talē dedit.forma eſt notio: cuiꝰ dr̄ia ad caput generis: ⁊ qͣſi fontē referri pōt. ⁊ recte. Nā ſi forme a genere deducūt̉:ſpēs neceſſe ē referāt̉ ad genꝰ. Si igr̄ principiū quoddā: ⁊ fons forme genꝰ eſt: neceſſe eſt vt intellectꝰ forme ad primordiū ſuū: id ē notionē generis reuertat̉.ītellectꝰ .n. hoīs refert̉ ad aīal: itēqꝫ eꝗ ⁊ ceteroꝝ. Notionē v̓o appellat: qd̓ greci. έρροιαρ: vl̓ πρόληφήρdicūt. huius eſt hec diffinitio. Notio ē inſita ex anteꝑcepta cuiuſqꝫ forma cognitio enodatiōis indigēs hecv̓o diffinitio hīc tracta ē. ꝙ Plato ideas quaſdā eēponebat .i. ſpēs īcorporeas ſubſtātiaſqꝫ cōſtātes: ⁊ ꝑſe ab alijs naͣe rōne ſeꝑatas. vt hoc ip̄ꝫ hō: ꝗbꝰ ꝑticipātes cetere res aīalia vel hoīes fierēt. At v̓o Ariſt.nullas putat extra eē ſubſtātias: ſꝫ ītellectā ſimilitudinē plurimoꝝ īter ſe differētiū ſubſtātialē genꝰ putat eē vel ſpēꝫ. Nā cū hō atqꝫ equꝰ differāt rōnabilitate atqꝫ irrōnabilitate hoꝝ ītellecta ſil̓itudo efficitgenꝰ nā ſil̓itudo eꝗ ⁊ hoīs ſubſtātial̓ ea ē: ꝙ vterqꝫ ſb̓ſtātia ē: vterqꝫ aīatꝰ vterqꝫ ſenſibil̓. Que iūcta efficiunt aīal: ē nāqꝫ aīal ſubſtātia aīata ſēſibilis. igr̄ hoīsatqꝫ eꝗ ſimilitudo ē aīal. qd̓ ē genꝰ. Rurſus cū platoatqꝫ Cicero nūero accn̄tibuſqꝫ diſtarēt hoꝝ ſil̓itudoq̄ eſt hūanitas intellecta: atqꝫ aīo formata ſpēs ē. ergo cōitas q̄dā: ⁊ plurimoꝝ inter ſe differentiū ſimilitudo notio ē: cuiꝰ notiōis aliud genꝰ eſt aliud forma.Sꝫ qm̄ ſimiliū intelligētia eſt oīs notio: in rebꝰ veroſimilibꝰ neceſſaria eſt differentiaꝝ diſcretio. idcirco īdiget adhuc notio qͣdā enodatiōe ac diuiſiōe. velut ipſe ītellectꝰ aīalis ſibi ipſe nō ſufficit. Nā mox aīus adaliqd̓ aīal .i. vel hoīeꝫ vel equū deducit̉ inꝗrendū: ēthoīs notio vel ad Tulliū: vl̓ ad Platonē: vel ad quēlibet ſingulariū ꝑſonaꝝ refert̉. Que cū ita ſint quotiens genꝰ diuidit̉ ī formas: nullā p̄termitti oportebitEſt .n. viciū vel maximū. ſi qͣ diuidentē forma p̄tereat: veluti ſi ꝗs ius diuidere velit: ī legē: more atqꝫ eꝗtatem neceſſe eſt partiatur. Nam ⁊ lex: ⁊ mos: ⁊ equitas: ⁊ ſingula ⁊ in cōe iuris vocabulo ſubiecta ſūt. culpat v̓o illoꝝ inſcitiā: ꝗ idē ſpēs vl̓ formas putāt eſſeqd̓ ꝑtes. ꝯturbariqꝫ eos īſcitia dicit: ꝙ res a ſe plurimū differētes imꝑite atqꝫ īprouide diſtīguere: ac ſegregare n̄ curāt. Sꝫ qm̄ de diffinitiōe loq̄bat̉ additaliā ſpēꝫ diffinitiōis quā nos ſuꝑiꝰ enūerauimª: q̄ ꝑtrāſlationē n̄ ꝓpetatꝭ: vitatiſqꝫ ſꝫ ſplēdoris atqꝫ ornatuſ rōe ꝑficit̉: qd̓ poetaꝝ oratorūqꝫ eēt autumat: ꝗbꝰluculēta orō cure ē. Huiꝰ diffinitiōis exēplū a iure ciuili Tulliꝰ petit: aitqꝫ ſe n̄ aliter ab exēplis notioribTrebatio receſſuꝝ qͣꝫ ſi neceſſitas cogat. Per trāſlationē v̓o diffinitio ē: veluti cū Aꝗliꝰ littꝰ diffinire volēs: dicebat. Littꝰ eē qͣ fluctꝰ eluderet. hoc eludere abiis trāſlatū ē: ꝗ agitatiōe aliqͣ cā luſus mouent̉ itēqꝫadoleſcētia flos etatis ē id ab arboribꝰ ductū ē qͣꝝ fructꝰ floreſ p̄cedūt ⁊ ſenectꝰ vite occaſuſ. id a die ductū ēꝗ d̓ſinit eē cū ſol occidit. q̄ trāſlatiōes a ꝓpetate diſcedūt: ⁊ qͣdā ſil̓itudīe ſb̓a ſignāt. eſt .n. trāſlatio quotiēſhn̄ti rei nomē ꝑꝑ alteriꝰ ſil̓itudinē a re ſil̓i nomē īponit̉ vt motꝰ hꝫ ꝓpuꝫ nomē. Itē luſus ſuo vocabulo nūcupat̉. ſꝫ ꝗ dic̄ qͣ fluctꝰ eluderet a ſil̓itudīe agitatiōisad fluctuū motū vocabulū trāſfert ac d̓ diffinitōibꝰ ꝙdē diſputatiōꝫ terminās ad ꝑtitiōes trāſitū facit̉. ſꝫnūc tertio volūini ſatiſ ē. reliqͣ in poſteꝝ differamus.