CHAP, in.] ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM. 191

and the Normans were known all over the world asthe order’s natural protectors. 1

Its house at Altenmunster has the testimony ofFalkenstein, who attributes it to Henry firstCount Stephanig in the burgravite of Batisbon, 2and since that prince died in the East in 1101, itis in the same way necessary to give that date atlatest to his donation. 3 The facts are likewise inthe Bavarian annalist, 4 and also in Gewold. 6 Thatthe Baldwins, Guiscard, Bohemond, Tancred, andthe Normans in general, had got some smatteringof Greek, Syrian, and perhaps Arabic, may belikely ; and it accounts for various words, as turco-polier . 6 Of Turcopili we read in old chroniclesthey were light cavalry, but on other occasionsthey had cuirasses. There were a corps of themkept by the Emperor of Constantinople. Eight ornot, it is said they were so called from being bornof a Greek female by a Turk. Milites meant knightsor heavy horse; and turcopili light, whether footor horse. But Yertot, like Paoli, seems to thinkthat all that is not cavalry must be infantry; yetcavalry on foot had been tried with success at

1 P. A. Paoli: 380. 2 Antiq. Nondg. ii., 368.

3 Id. : 381.

4 John Aventine: Ad. Ann. fol. 654.

5 De Septomviratu: 89. 6 P. A. Paoli : 346.