11212

ZACHARIAS

ZENO

them relating to minutiae of ecclesiasticalobservance, appear from the extant correspond-ence to have been from time to time referredby Bonitace to Zacharias, and to have beenreplied to by the latter.

From one of the pope’s letters ( Ep. ix.) itappears that it had been proposed to makeCologne the metropolitan see of Boniface, andthat the pope had confirmed this arrangement.But, some dilfieulti.es having arisen, he allowedhim afterwards to remain at Mainz, which heconstituted the metropolitan see of him and hissuccessors, with jurisdiction over all Germanyas legate of the apostolic see. He also allowedhim at length to nominate a successor to him-self, in consideration of his age and infirmity(Epp . x., xiii.). In another letter exemptionfor ever from all episcopal jurisdiction exceptthat of Rome is granted to the Benedictinemonastery of Fulda, which Boniface hadfounded, and to which he had expressed hisdesire to retire at last, and to be buried there.

Previous to the Roman synod assembled, asaforesaid, for entertaining the case of Adelbertand Clemens, one was held by Zacharias, A.D.743, after his return from his visit to Luitprandat Pavia, at which canons were passed, directedagainst clerical irregularities and incestuousmarriages. On the latter head it is observable,as also in repeated injunctions to Boniface andthe Franks, that spiritual relationship, con-tracted by sponsorship in baptism, is insisted asa bar to intermarriage equally with consan-guinity.

Zacharias is named by pope Hadrian (Ep. adIrenem et Constantin.') as having, as well asother popes, remonstrated with the emperorConstantine Copronymus on the subject ofimage-worship. He is said by Anastasius tohave restored and embellished the Lateranpalace, to have offered various ornaments to St.Peters and other churches, to have redeemed athis own cost Christian slaves who had beenbought by Venetian merchants for sale inAfrica, to have established, furnished, anddevoted to the perpetual possession of theRoman see, several farms (called “ domuscultae ”) in the papal patrimony, to have trans-lated the Dialogues of Gregory I. into Greek, tohave discovered in the Lateran palace a greattreasure, viz. the head of St. George the Martyr,and also to have been bountiful in almsgiving,a lover and benefactor of the clergy, and in allrespects kind, forgiving, and charitable. Hedied 14th March, a.d. 752, and was buried in thechurch of St. Peter. He is thus noticed as asaint in the Roman Martyrology: “ Martii xv.,Romae Natalis S. Zachariae Papae, qui Deiecclesiam summa vigilantia gubernavit, etclarus mentis quievit in pace/’ [J. B— Y.]

ZACHARIAS (7), adopted son of Gegnoe-sius, the eminent Paulician teacher. At hisfather’s death, in 745, he became his successoras leader of the sect, in the neighbourhood ofSamosata, Mananalis, etc. (Phot. c. Man. i. 19;Pet. Sic. IUst. Man . i. 30 ; Neander, Ch. Hist. v.345.) [M. B. C.]

ZACHARIAS (8), bishop of Edessa, origi-nally a Stylite monk, who was dragged from hispillar and forcibly consecrated on the retirement

of Simeon to a solitary life among the mountain*of Samosata. He was deposed A.D. 761, andwas succeeded by Elias. (Assem. Bibl. Grace, i.428; ii. 112, 114; Dionys. Chron.) [E. V.]

ZALLA, an Arian Goth in the time of Totilawho put to death all the clergy or monkswho fell into his hands. A peasant he wastorturing to make him disclose where his pro-perty was concealed, exclaimed that he hadcommitted it to St. Benedict. Zalla then boundhis arms with thongs, and desired him to conducthim to the monastery, where they found the saintsitting reading outside. Zalla shouted to himto give up the peasant’s property, whereuponSt. Benedict lifted up his eyes, and at his glancethe thongs fell off the peasant’s arms. Theterrified Zalla fell down at the saint’s feet, andbesought his prayers. The saint continuedreading, but directed the monks to take inand refresh Zalla, and on his return warnedhim to desist from his cruelties in future.(Gregorius, Dial. ii. 31.) [F. D.]

ZEBENNUS, bishop of Eleutheropolis inPalaestina Prima, in the reign of Theodosius, towhom the graves of the prophets Habakkuk andMicah were said to have been made known bydivine revelation (Soz. H. E. vii. 29). Heattended the council at Diospolis against thePelagians in 415 (Augustin, c. Julian, lib. i.c. 5; Labbe, ii. 1532) (Le Quien, Or. Christ, iii.639). [E. V.]

ZEBINAS (1), martyr. [Germanus (31).]

ZEBINAS (2), a celebrated solitary andascetic of Syria, who according to the accountreceived by Theodoret from those who had seenhim, was accustomed to spend whole days andnights standing in prayer, supporting himselfin his advancing years on a staff*. He was alsofamous for his hospitality, and was regardedby the ascetics of his time as their father andmaster and the exemplar of all virtues. Ze-binas was buried in the village of Citta, nearhis place of retirement, and a church was builtover his grave. He had as disciples the famousascetics Polychronius and Jacobus (Theod. Hist.Relig . c. xxiv.). [E. V.]

ZEBINUS (Zebennus), the eleventh bishopof Antioch, succeeded Philetus, A.D. 229. He satfor nine years, and was followed by Babylas,a.d. 238 (Euseb. H. E. vi. 24; Euseb. Chron.Armen. ; Hieron. Chron. ; Clinton, Fast. Rom.).

[E. V.]

ZENAS, monk. [Serenus (2).]

ZENO (1), soldier and confessor at Alexandriain the Deeian persecution. [Ptolemaeus (1).]

[C. H.]

ZENO (2) I., bishop of Tyre, successor toPaulinus. According to Epiphanius ( Haer. lxix*§ 4, p. 730), he was one of the bishops to whomAlexander of Alexandria wrote to warn themagainst Arius, when banished from Alexandriahe was endeavouring to worm himself into theconfidence of the Palestinian clergy. The suc-cession of the bishops of Tyre at this epoch isuncertain, and cannot be determined satis-factorily. Tillemont seeks to solve the difficultyby inferring from Epiphanus’s epithet, apxuios