£04

TATI ANUS

TATWIN

Irenaeus about a.d. 185—i.e. in all probability-after Tatian’s death—leaves no doubt upon thispoint. Men honoured and valued the Oratio(cp. ini. al. Hilgenfeld, Ketzergeschichte, pp.386-7); but they say nothing of the Diatessaron.In the Greek-speaking churches of the East thewriter of the Oratio was not less valued (cp.Euseb. H.E. iv. 29; v, 28), and they speak ofthe Diatessaron; but it is by report or atsecond-hand only. Ugly rumours circulated.Tatian, described broadly as “ connexio omniumhaereticorum ” (Iren. Ado. Haer. iii. 23), hadbecome, in defiance of historical certainty (Zahn,i. p. 288), an Encratite (see Dictionary s. n.),one whose tenets had spread into Asia Minorfrom Antioch, and who blossomed out at lastinto “ Encratitarum acerrimus haeresiarches ”(Jerome). Had Irenaeus, Eusebius, or Jeromeknown the Diatessaron, would they not haveexamined it as they had examined Tatian’s Oratioand other works? Would not the very com-pilation of a Diatessaron have been obnoxious toone who, like Irenaeus, counted the fourfoldGospels (neither more, nor less) an absolutenecessity (see Dictionary iii. pp. 270-71)? Butin the Syriac-speaking East he was unknown, ornot followed by troublesome reflexions upon hisorthodoxy, and there the teacher who waseclectic rather than heterodox, who chose inOratio and Diatessaron , in u problems ” and “ me-taphrases,” to impress f5t ov x a P aKT VP a StSao--KaKeiov, could produce and circulate that work,which commended itself to the “ simplicity ” ofthe Churches of Edessa and its neighbourhood“ on account of its brevity,” till a Theodoretappeared to enlighten them. The act was theact of such a man as Tatian was—a man ofstrong individual character and of great self-reliance ; shaking himself loose of either folly orindifference in matters of religious practice, andfinding strength in the severity and restraint ofthe sterner ascetics; holding his own theologicalopinions the more dogmatically and eclecticallyas they aroused suspicion and detraction. Byhis very faults he served the Church.

The date of his death is unknown, but if heleft Rome about A.D. 172 or 173 he would havebeen about 62 years of age, and—humanlyspeaking—with time before him to circulate theDiatessaron before he passed to rest.

Literature. —In the prolegomena (pp. xiii-xxix)to Otto’s edition (already referred to) of theOratio will be found a description of the MSS.,editions, etc., in existence (cp. also Harnack,op. cit. pp. 1-97; Donaldson, History of ChristianLiterature and Doctrine , iii. pp. 60-62). Inaddition to the works freely used and specifiedin this article, a few more are named by Mollerin the article on Tatian in Herzog’s R. E. 2 .

[J. M. F.]

TATI ANUS ( 2 ), March 12, martyr atMerus, in Phrygia, with Macedonius and Theo-dulus, under Julian. They were ordered tocleanse and repair the temple of the town andrepaint the idols. Instead of obeying, theybroke into it at night and smashed the idols.They then confessed their offence and wereroasted alive. “ But even in the last extremitythey gave the most heroic proof of fortitude, ad-dressing the ruthless governor thus: ‘ If youwish to eat broiled flesh, Amachius, turn us on

the other side also, lest we should appear buthalf-cooked to your taste.’” (Socrat. H. fti!i - 15 -> [G*. T.S.}’

TATIANUS ( 3 ), presbyter of Myra, namedin 375 by St. Basil along with Polemo (2) andothers. [C. H.]

TATIANUS (4), pretorian prefect to whomTheodosius addressed the law of March 11th 391setting at liberty those children whom theirfathers through poverty had sold into slavery.{Cod. Theod. lib. iii. tit. 3, leg. 1.) On March13th, a.d. 392, he addressed another edict tohim, imposing fines upon various high officialsfor delaying punishments upon convicted crimi-nals (l. c. lib. ix. tit. 40, leg. 15). [G. T. S.]

TATIANUS (5), a deacon, who, at the endof the 4th century, was staying with Jerome atBethlehem, and sent his salutations to Jerome’scorrespondent Tranquillinus (Jerome, Kp. 62. ed.Vail.). [W. H. F.]

TATIANUS (6), prefect of Constantinople,and one of the imperial commissioners whopresided at the council of Chalcedon a.d. 451.Hefele endeavours to maintain that they tookno essential part in the council, a view whichhis own statement sufficiently refutes {Hist, ofCouncils , iii. 296, ed. Clark ; cf. Mansi, t. vi.p. 563). [G. T. S.]

TATION (Tarfftjv), martyr in Isauria in thepersecution of Diocletian (Menaea } Aug. 24;Neale, Pair, of Antioch , p. 70). [C. H.]

TATON. [Taso.]

TATWIN (Tatwine, Tatuini, Tadwinus),the ninth archbishop of Canterbury {M. H. B.p. 616). Tatwin is described by Bede (//. E. v.23) as of the province of the Mercians, and ashaving before his promotion been a priest in themonastery called Briudun. As Ethelbald of Merciawas far the most powerful king in Englandat the time of the vacancy caused by the deathof archbishop Brihtwald, it may be reasonablyinferred that he had some influence in the ap-pointment of his successor; and in that casethe monastery in which Tatwin was living wasdoubtless that at Bredon in Worcestershire, whichin 716 was endowed by Eanulf, a cousin of Ethel-bald and grandfather of king Offa, who was alsoa munificent patron (Kemble, C. D. 138, 140).Brihtwald died Jan. 13, 731; Tatwin was electedwithin a few months, and consecrated the sameyear, on June 10 at Canterbury, by bishopDaniel of Winchester, the two Mercian bishops,Ingwaid of London, Aldwin of Lichfield, andAldulf of Rochester (Bede, H. E. v. 23). Hewas a man remarkable for religion and prudence,and eminently well instructed in sacred litera-ture. He probably sent at once to Rome forthe pall, and, as in the only charter in whichhis name occurs he describes himself as episcopus ,he probably considered that the investiture withthat emblem was necessary to give him the fullmetropolitan power. That that belief was heldsomewhat later is certain ; for the Canterburymonks in the 11th century brought forward aletter of pope Gregory III. addressed to theEnglish bishops on behalf of Tatwin (Will*Malmesb. G. P. i. § 36 ; Haddan and Stubbs, in.311, 312). In this letter the Pope states thatTatwin himself went to Rome for the pall which