MAAKES

MACARIUS

705

M

MAARES, one of twenty-two bishops knownto Sozomen as having suffered martyrdom inPersia during the reign of Sapor II. (Soz. ii.lb; Tillem. vii. 90.) [G. T. S.]

MABAN, an eminent singer, who, havingbeen trained in Kent by the successors of theRoman mission there, was invited by bishopAcca into his diocese of Hexham, where heremained twelve years instructing the bishopand his clergy (se suosque) in church music.(Bed. H.E. v. 20.) [C. H.]

MABENA, ST., a daughter of Brychan,gives name to the parish of St. Mabyn nearWadebridge in Cornwall; where the parish fairis on or about 15th February. The parish ofMabe near Falmouth is called Landmabo in1297, and perhaps refers to another name.

[C. W. B.]

MABON (1), ST., presumed to have been thefounder of Rhiwfabon or Ruabon in Denbighshire.(R. Rees, Welsh Saints , 261.) [C. W. B.]

MABON (2), ST., the old, the brother :f St.Teilo. Llanfabon near Llandaff is dedicated tohim. (R. Rees, Welsh Saints y 71, 99, 111, 251;Williams, Diet, of Eminent Welshmen .)

[C. W. B.]

MAOARIA, Valentinian aeon, the last of thedecad. (Iren. i. 1.) [G. S.]

MACARIOTES, Valentinian aeon, one of thedodecad. (Iren. i. 1.) [G. S.]

MACARIUS (1) I., bishop of Jerusalem,the thirty-ninth from the Apostles, Hermonbeing his predecessor. His accession is placedby Tillemont in 311 or 312. He is extolled byall the orthodox writers for the purity of hisfaith and the virtues which adorned his life.In the list of defenders of the faith given byAthanasius (Orat. I. adv. Arian. p. 291), herefers to Macarius as exhibiting “the honest andsimple style of apostolical men.’* A letteraddressed to him, among other orthodox bishops,by Alexander of Alexandria, is mentioned byEpiphanius ( Haer. Ixix. 4, p. 730). He attendedthe council of Nicaea in 325 (Soz. i. 17 ; Theod.II. E. i. 15). That the seventh Nicene canondetermining the subordination of the see ofAelia Capitolina (Jerusalem) to that of Caesarea“ discloses a slight passage of arms ” betweenhim and Eusebius, in which Macarius endeavouredto assert the priority obtained for his see byJuvenal a hundred and twenty years afterward»(De Broglie, VEglise et VEmpire, ii. 56 ; Stanley,Eastern Church , p. 193), is a brilliant guesswithout historical authority. It deserves noticethat Macarius signs fourth, next to the legates,in apparent violation of this canon (Labbe,Concil. ii. 51, 76, 84, 101). But as Beveridgehas remarked (Hefele, Christian Councils , Eng.transl. vol. i. p. 407) two other bishops ofPalestine who were certainly the inferiors ofthe metropolitan of Caesarea, signed beforeEusebius. It was during his episcopate, a.d. 326«r 327, that Helena paid her celebrated visit

to Jerusalem, which resulted in the discoveryof the Holy Sepulchre, and, perhaps, though,as has been shewn in another article, this is verydoubtful, in the so-called “ Invention of theTrue Cross” [Helena, Vol. II. p. 883 ff.].According to the later form of the legend itwas at the suggestion of Macarius that on thediscovery of the three crosses the one on whichour Lord had sutl'ered was identified by their beingapplied successively to a lady suffering from amortal sickness, who, after the others had failedto produce any effect, at the touch of the truecross was immediately cured (Socr. H. E. i. 17 ;Soz. H . E. ii. 1; Theod. H. E. i. 18; Rutin.H. E. i. 78; Paulin. .Nolan. Ep. 31 [11]; seeGieseler, Eccl. Hist. vol. ii. p. 36, Clark’s transl.).Macarius was commissioned by the emperorConstantine, A.D. 326, to take the necessarysteps for the erection of a basilica on the site ofthe Holy Sepulchre. The emperor’s letteris given by Eusebius (de Vita Const, iii. 29-32),Socrates (H. E. i. 9), and Theodoret (H. E.

i. 17). Constantine subsequently (c. 330 A.D.)wrote to Macarius with the other bishops ofPalestine with regard to the profanation of thesacred terebinth of Mamre by idolatrous rites.He desires that the pagan altar may be over-thrown, the idols burnt, and a basilica erected onthe spot (Euseb. u. s. 52, 53). The emperor alsopresented Macarius with a vestment of goldtissue for the administration of the sacramentof baptism, as a token of honour to the churchof Jerusalem. The subsequent sale of this robeto an actor was one of the charges broughtagainst Cyril by Acacius (Theod. H. E. ii. 27).The date of the death of Macarius is not accu-rately known. It is placed by Sozomen (H. E

ii. 20) between the deposition of Eustathius,

a.d. 331, and the council of Tyre, A.D. 335.He is commemorated in the Western church onMarch 10. Singularly enough, his name doesnot appear in the Menaea of the Eastern church.He was succeeded by Maximus. [E. V.]

MACARIUS (2) II., bishop of Jerusalem,appointed in succession to Peter a.d. 544. Hisappointment was not confirmed by Justinian, bywhom, on its being represented that he enter-tained Origenist tenets, his election was annulled,and Eustochius, oeconomus of the church of Alex-andria, residing at Constantinople, was appointedto the see (Evagr. H. E. iv. 37). In 563, accordingto Victor Tununensis (Migne, Patrol. Lat. lxviii.962 a), Eustochius was deposed, and Macarius,having previously anathematized Origen, Eva-grius, and Didymus, was restored to his see(Evagr. H. E. iv. 39). Moschus gives an anecdoteof a blind Arabian monk of the monastery of St.Theodosius, near Jerusalem, who scrupled tocommunicate with Macarius (Prat. Spiritual , c.96). He held the see, according to Evagrius,until Tiberius was made Caesar, i.e. till aftera.d. 574 (ibid. v. 16). (Le Quien, Or. Christ.

iii. 235: Cyrill. Scythop. Vit. S. Sab. no. 90.)

[E. V.]

MACARIUS (3) I., second bishop of Anicium(Le Puy), between Georgius and Marcellinus.(Gall. Chr. ii. 688.) [Georgius (6).]

[S. A. B.j

MACARIUS (4), an Egyptian bishop at thecouncil of Tyre in 335. (Athanas. ApoL c. Atcap. 79 ; Mansi, ii. 1143.) [C. II.j