754
LUCIUS
LUCIUS
to the house, and "brought hirn out at 1 r. M. onSept. 24. The whole population, “ Christians,Pagans, and men of all religions,” followed theescort with vehement outcries, “ Take himout of the city ! ” Trajanus found it expedientto lodge him in his own house, and to keep up athird guard. Next day he was delivered to thesoldiers to be conducted out of Egypt. ( Chron.Praevium and Acephalumi) This second failure,and its humiliating and alarming circumstances,were doubtless vindictively remembered byLucius, when at last his hour of triumph camein the summer •"£ 373. Athanasius had died onWay 2, ftnd had been succeeded by Peter; butthe pret-tol Palladius had attacked the church,and Peter was either irnpiisoned or went intohiding. Euzoius, the old Arian bishop ofAntioch, easily obtained from Yalens an order toinstal Lucius. Accordingly, Lucius appeared inAlexandria, escorted, as Peter said in his encycli-cal letter (Theod. iv. 25),not by monks and clergyand laity, but by Euzoius, and the imperialtreasurer Magnus, at the head of a large bodyof soldiers ; while the Pagan populace intimatedtheir friendly feelingtowards the Arian bishop byhailing him as one who did not worship the Sonof God, and who must have been sent to Alex-andria by the favour of Serapis. Lucius, on hispart, surrounded himself by Pagan guards, andcaused some of the orthodox to be beaten, othersto be imprisoned, or exiled, or pillaged, for re-fusing his communion, these severities beingactually carried out by Magnus and Palladius,as representing the secular power. Gregory ofNazianzus calls him a second Arius, and lays tohis charge the sacrileges and barbarities of thenew Arian persecution (Grot. xxv. 12, 13). Hetook an active personal part in the attack on themonks of Egypt; finding them immovablyattached to the Nicene faith, he advised thattheir chief “ abbats,” the two Maearii, shouldbe banished to a little Pagan island; but whenthe holy men converted its inhabitants theAlexandrian people made a vehement demon-stration against Lucius, and he “thoughtit prudent ” to send back the exiles to theircells (Neale, Hist Alex. i. 203). The impressionproduced by Lucius’s conduct appears in thebold words of the hermit Moses, who, being sentto Alexandria to be consecrated as bishop of theSaracens, positively refused to allow Lucius tolay his hands upon him. According to Sozomen(vi. 38) Lucius replied with unexpected gentle-ness, “ Do not judge of me before you knowwhat my creed is.” “Your creed,” rejoinedMoses, “is proved to be un-Christian by yourdeeds of violence against the servants of God,”adding, according to Socrates (iv. 36), that hespoke, not on hearsay, but of what he had seen“ with his own eyes.” But Socrates goes beyondother authorities by introducing a reference tocases of persons “ delivered to the fire ” byLucius. Theodoret (iv. 23) makes the answerof Moses less terse in its severity. When theArian supremacy came to an end at the death ofYalens, in 378, Lucius was finally ejected, andrepaired to Constantinople, but the Arians ofAlexandria still regarded him as their bishop(Socr. v. 3). He lived for a time at Constantinople,and contributed to the Arian force which gaveBuch trouble to Gregory of Nazianzus during hisresidence in the capital, as bishop of the few
Catholics, from the beginning of 379. In theNovember of 380 the Arian bishop Demophiluswas expelled, and Lucius went with him. Theo-doret (iv. 21) confounds Lucius with anotherArian prelate of that name, also a persecutorwho usurped the see of Samosata. (Tillemont,vi. 593.) [W. B.]
LUCIUS (12), a bishop of an unnamed s*e,who had espoused the cause of Chrysostom.(Chrysost. Ep. 85.) [E. V.J
LUCIUS (13), bishop of Reggio in Abruzzo,mentioned by Gregory the Great in 593 as thepredecessor of bishop Boniface. (Greg. Magn.Epist. lib. iii. indict, xi. ep. 44 in Migne, lxxvii.639.) [A. H. D. A.]
LUCIUS (14), Roman martyr. On witness-ing a trial before the city prefect Urbicus, inwhich a man was sentenced to death on whosemoral character no imputation was cast, merelybecause he acknowledged himself to be a Christian,Lucius expostulated with Urbicus on the injusticeand unreasonableness of such a proceeding; wasthereupon asked whether he were not a Christianhimself, and on his confessing was at once him-self ordered to execution (Just. Mart. Apol. ii. 2).He is commemorated by Usuard, Ado, and Vet,Rom. Mart, on Oct. 19. [G. S.]
LUCIUS (15), African martyr, who addressedSt. Cyprian during the persecution (Cypr. ep. 78).Ruinart (Acta Sine. p. 233, note 32) has no doubtthat this is the Lucius or Leucius who with St.Cyprian was soon afterwards seen in a dream orvision by Montanus, another of the Africanmartyrs of this period. [C. H.]
LUCIUS (16) (Lleirwg, Lles, Lleufer-Mawr, Lleurwg), king and confessor, firstChristian king in Britain. In the pages ofWilliam of Malmesbury (An#. Glast. ii.), andmore especially of Geoffrey of Monmouth (Brit.Hist. iv. v.), besides later writers, king Lucius isassigned a most important place in the Chris-tianising of Britain.
I. As represented by Geoffrey of Monmouth,whose narrative has made the deepest impressionon popular history, Lucius was descended fromBrutus, the founder and first king of Britain,and succeeded his father Coillus, son of Meirig orMarius, on the British throne. He followed theexample of his father in seeking and securingthe friendship of the Romans. The fame of theChristian miracles inspired him with suchlove for the true faith, that he petitioned popeEleutherus for teachers, and on the arrival ofthe two most holy doctors, Faganus andDuvanus, he received baptism along with multi-tudes from all countries. When the missionarieshad almost extinguished paganism in the island,they dedicated the heathen temples to the ser-vice of God, and filled them with congregationsof Christians; they fully organized the church,making the flamens into bishops, and the arch-flamens into archbishops, and constituting threemetropolitans with twenty-eight suffraganbishops. Lucius largely endowed the church,and, rejoicing in the progress of the gospel, diedat Gloucester A.D. 156, but without leavingissue to succeed him. Malmesbury says he diedand was buried at Glastonbury (Baronius, Ann,