CYBlLLUS

CYBlLLUS

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weight in determining the true doctrine of theearly church on that fundamental question, andrelieves Cyril from all su&picion of heterodoxy.But his Catecheses do not rank at all high as anargumentative or expository work, and few wouldcare to read them for their own sake; nor hasCyril any claim to a place among the masters ofChristian thought, whose writings form the per-manent riches of the church.

Cyril’s only other works preserved to usare a Homily on the sick man at the Pool ofBethesda, delivered while he was a presbyter,and his letter to Constantius on the luminouscross.

There are editions of his works in Greek, Paris,Morel, 1564-; in Greek and Latin, Cologne, 1564;and in Latin, Paris, 1589; in Greek and Latin,by Prevot, Paris, 1604, 4to; and Petau, Paris1622, fol. Prevot’s edition was reprinted, to-gether with the works of Synesius of Cyrene,Paris, 1631, fol. These editions were all sur-passed by the English one of Thomas Milles, inGreek and Latin, Oxford, 1703, fol., and this wasin its turn exceeded by the Benedictine edition ofA. A. Touttee, Paris, 1720, fol.; and Venice,1761, fol. The introduction contains very elabo-rate and exhaustive dissertations on the life,writings, and doctrines of Cyril. These are re-printed in Migne’s Patrologia , vol. xxxiii. Thereis an edition by Reischl, Munich, 1848, 8vo, 2vols. We may also mention Van Vollenhoven,Specimen Theolog. de Cyrilli Hieros. Catechesibus ,Amstel. 1837, 8vo.

The chief modern authorities for Cyril’s lifeand doctrines are Touttee, u. s.; Tillemont,M&noires Eccl&s. vol. viii.; Cave, Historia Lite-raria, i. 211, 212; Schrockh, Kirchengeschickte ,xii. 343, sq.; Newman, preface to the Oxfordtranslation, Library of the Father $, ii. 1. [E.V.]

CYBlLLUS (3) an intruding bishop of Jeru-salem, who, according to Epiphanius ( adv . Haer.lxvi. p. 637), followed by Baronius and Touttee,was thrust into the see of his great namesakeduring his deposition, in succession to Herennius.The two Cyrils are identified by Tillemont {Mem.Eccles. tom. viii. p. 783) and the Bollandists.There are not sufficient data to determine thepoint. [E. V.]

(4) A presbyter or bishop of Palestine, to

whom Jerome had delivered a written confes-sion of his faith, to which he refers the pres-byter Marcus in a querulous letter, writtena.d. 377 or 378, remonstrating against beingso continually applied to for proof of hisorthodoxy. (Hieron. Epist. lxxvii. (xvii.) § 4.)He is identified by Blonde! with Cyril of Jerusa-lem, but the relations between Cyril and Jeromewere not such as to render it possible thathe would lodge such a document with him.(Tillemont, M€m. Eccl. tom. xii. pp. 49, 624;Kabr. Bibl. Graec . tom. ix. p. 450.) The Expla-nntio fidei ad CyriUum sometimes attributed toJerome, and found in some editions of his works,is supposititious. [E. V.]

(5) Martyr of Heliopolis in Syria, a deacon

who suffered for the faith in the time of Julian,having previously displayed great zeal in thedestruction of idols, in the reign of Constan-tine. (Theod. II, E, lib. iii. c. 7; Suidas, subvoc.) [E. V.]

CYBlLLUS (6), a bishop in Armenia, recon-ciled by St. Basil to the church at Satala in 372.(Basil. Epist xeix. § 4.) [E. V.]

(7) ST., archbishop of Alexandria. He wasa native of Alexandria; he had been studiousfrom early years, and had learned theologyunder monastic discipline in “ the desert.”During this period of his life he had been r •=«proved by Isidore of Pelusium, who was for yeai&his venerated monitor, for occupying himself,even in “solitude,” with worldly thoughts andinterests (Isid. Epist. i, 25); and it is evidentfrom his whole career that so strong a will andso vehement a nature could never be thoroughlysatisfied with a life of contemplation. “Afterfive years’abode in Mount Nitria,” his uncle, thethen archbishop Theophilus, summoned him toAlexandria, where he was ordained, and wherehe expounded and preached with great reputa-tion (Neale, Hist. Alex. i. 226).

Theophilus died on Oct. 15, a.d. 412. Cyrilwas put forward for the vacant chair; his rival,the archdeacon Timotheus, was strong in thesupport of the local government; but after atumultuous contest, Cyril was enthroned, threedays after his uncle’s death. (See his first Pas-chal homily.)

His episcopate, thus begun in trouble anddiscord, seemed at first to forebode nothing betteithan a course of violent and untempered zeal, asif the fierce spirit of Theophilus were governinghis conduct. He shut up the chamber of theNovatians, took away their “ sacred treasure,”and deprived their bishop Theopemptus, of allhis property (Soc. vii. 7). This unsparing use otthe great powers within his reach as archbishopwas followed up by an attack upon the largebody of Jewish residents. They had provokedhim by an exhibition of implacable hostility. OneHierax, a schoolmaster, always foremost in ap-plauding Cyril’s sermons according to the fashionof the day, was denounced by the Jews as an en-courager of sedition when he was present in thetheatre at the promulgation of a prefectorialedict. Orestes, the prefect, who hated Cyril as aformidable rival potentate, took occasion to haveHierax publicly tortured in the theatre. Cyrilthereupon tried the effect of menaces on theprincipal Jews of Alexandria. This only in-creased their bitterness; they began to organiseplots against the Christians; and one night acry rang through the streets, that “ Alexander’schurch was on fire.” The Christians rushed tosave their sanctuary: the Jews, recognising eachother, as had been pre-arranged, by rings madefrom the bark of palm branches, fell upon andslew the Christians whom they met. At day-break Cyril, at the head of an immense crowd,took forcible possession of the synagogues, ex-pelled the Jews from the city, and abandonedtheir property to plunder. Orestes, naturallyindignant, complained to the emperor, Theo-dosius II., then a boy of fourteen. Cyril, on hispart, addressed to the court an account of theJewish outrages, and, at the suggestion of thepeople, endeavoured to pacify the prefect.Orestes would not listen; Cyril extended to him,as a form of solemn appeal, the book of theGospels; it might well have occurred to Orestesthat the archbishop had forgotten some of itsprecepts when he in peiton led on a multitudeof Christian zealots to revenge one violence by