756

CYPKIANTJS

CYPRIANUS

certain. (Sammarth. Gallia Christiana , ii. 791;Lopes, Egl. de Bordeaux ; Le Cointe, Ann. Eccl.Franc, vol. i. pp. 240, 288.) [D. R. J.]

CYPRIANUS (7), ST., third bishop ofToulon, and second patron of that city, flourishedin the time of Anastasius, Justinus, and Justini-anus, emperors, and of Clovis, king of the Franks,and of Childebert his son. He belonged to theprincipal family in Montelieu, Marseilles, andwas a disciple of St. Caesarius of Arles, whose ,life he wrote in the year 530. The memoir wascontinued by Messianus, presbyter, and Stephanusthe deacon, who had also been pupils of Cae-sarius, and was afterwards published by Vin-centius Barralis in his Chronologia Lirinensis. Itis also to be found in Surius, 22nd August. Ac-cording to these and Mabillon, Cyprian wasbishop of Toulon, and lived in the year 541,during the fourth council of Arles, but they saythat the time of his death is uncertain. Hewas ordained deacon at the age of thirty byCaesarius, who did not ordain deacons before thatage. He was therefore probably born in theyear 475 or 476. His life of Caesarius gives anaccount of,the war which was waged betweenAlaric, king of the Goths, and Clovis, and inwhich Alaric was killed, A.D. 509. “To-day,”he says, “the state of Arles is under the rule ofChildebert, king of the Franks, son of Clovis.”

Cyprian was present at the fourth council ofArles, a.d. 524. In 527 he subscribed to thecouncil of Carpentras, and the synodical letterto Agroecius bishop of Antipolis. In a.d. 529he came to the third synod of Yaison. In thesame year he took part in the second synodof Orange, and was sent by Caesarius to thecouncil of the bishops beyond the Isar, at Valen-tin, where he outshone all in scriptural andpatristic knowledge. In 541, after the conquestof the Arian Goths, Cyprian went to the fourthcouncil of Orleans, A.D. 541.

Cyprian was one day in the camp of kingAlaric holding a public disputation, when twonoblemen, officers of Saxony, named Mendrianusand Flavianus, entered, and were converted andbaptized on the spot. They followed Cyprian toToulon, and lived as hermits near the sea.

After the death of Caesarius, Cyprian re-mained in the bishopric in peace. But soonafterwards Alboin, king of the Goths, invadedGaul with a large army, and devastated allthe cities of Gallia Narbonensis with fire andsword. His soldiers butchered the people, andkilled many bishops. They found Cyprian,together with his friends Mandrianus and Fla-vianus, in the church, cast them out, and killedthem (Aug. 556). Such is the account of hisdeath given by Guesnayus in Annal. Massil .,but the Bollandists say that he was not mar-tyred, but died a happy death, A.D. 549.

His body was found in 701 in the episcopalhouse, on the 3rd of October, but according toanother account in 1301.

Cyprianus and two other bishops wrote a lifeof Caesarius of Arles, an epitome of which isgiven in the 67th vol. of the Patrol. Lat. p. 997.

The authorities for the life of Cyprianus are:Bouche, Chorograph. et Hist. Prov. tom. i. p.337; the Councils of the 6th century; GalliaChristiana , i. 743; and Le Cointe, Annal. Eccle-iiast. i. 454, etc.

He is commemorated on the 3rd of October(AA. S3. Boll. Oct. ii. pp. 164-178; Patrol. Lat.lxvii.pp.1001,1253, CaesariiArelat.Vita; GalliaChristiana , i. 741). [D. R. J.]

CYPRIANUS (8), ST., abbat, Pdrigueux. Hewas also called Subranus. He took the religionshabit in a monastery of which the abbat’s namewas Savalon, towards the middle of the 6thcentury. Having been a model to the whole com-munity, he retired to a solitude near the Dor-dogne, where he built a hermitage, which after-wards gave rise to the little town of St. Cyprien.He died towards the end of the 6th century, andGregory of Tours recounts legends of severalappropriate wonders, and calls him a man ofmagnificent piety. (Migne, Encycl. Th€ol. xl.687 ; Greg. Turon. de Gloria Confess, cap. 100,Patrol. Lat. lxxi. 902.) He is commemoratedon the 9th Dec. [D. R. J.]

(9) A monk of Monte Cassino in the time of

the emperor Constantinus VI. and the empressIrene. He composed a Sapphic hymn on themiracles of St. Benedict, in 24 stanzas, to besung on his festival ( Patrol. Lat. lxxxix. p.1050; cf. Petr. Diac. Lib. de Viris Illustr. cap.7 ; Ceillier, xii. 105.) [W. M. S.]

(10) ST., martyr, lies buried in the churchof St. Francis, Boulogne, and is commemoratedon the 10th March. The Bollandists failed toobtain any information about him. (AA. SS.Bolland. Martius, tom. ii. ad diem x. p. 2.)

[D. R. J.]

(11) ST., author of a poem on the resurrec-tion, at the end of the works of Tertullian.(Moreri, Grand Diet. Historique, vol. iv. p. 342(Paris, 1759); Amplissima Collection Martene andDurand, vol. ix. (Paris, 1733); Ceillier, Index.)

[W. M. S.]

CYPRIUS, one of the seventeen guards inthe story of Chryse. [G. S.j

CYR (Butler, Lives of the Saints, June 16),infant martyr. [Cyricus.] [C. H.]

CYRA. [Ciar.]

CYRENIUS, duke, and governor of Pelusiumon the Kile in the 5th century. Isidore of Pelu-sium, presbyter and abbat, complains in a letterthat Cyrenius had fixed a placard on the churchof Pelusium taking away from the citizens theright of justification in case of accusations, andof refuge in the church. Pelusium is said tohave suffered as much from its governor Cyre-nius as from its bishop Eusebius. (Isid. Epist. i.178; Patrol. Graec. lxxviii. 298; Ceillier, viii.483.) [W. M. S.]

CYRIACUS (1), and Theodulus, sons ofHesperus and Zoe, slaves of a rich man namedCatalus, of Italy, martyred in the time ofHadrian, commemorated May 2 (Menol. Basil.).

[E. B.B.]

(2) . [Chryse.] In the Latin versions the

name is Quiriacus. [G. &]

(3) A child, who with his mother Jtjlittawas martyred at Tarsus in the Diocletian per-secution. (Mcnol. Basil. July 15. See alsoRuinart, Acta Sine. 477.) [Cyricus.]

In the Decretal of Gelasius de Ubris , the actsof Quiricus and Julitta are said to pass for apiece of heretical composition, and therefore not| to be read in the Church of Rome (De Smedt,