248

BAPTISM

BARBELO

... In other words, they should be content toact in emergencies, whenever the conditions oftime, place, or person are imperative.” St.Cyril of Jerusalem ( Catech . xvii. 35), and St.Jerome ( Adv . Lucif. § 9), simply repeat thispassage. St. Augustine, when he speaks to thepoint (ConU Ep» Parm, ii. 29), is more reserved;but when, arguing against the Donatists ingeneral, he says ( De Bapt. c. Don. v. 14): “ Perquemlibet enim ministrum detur, Illius est bap-tismus de quo dicitur : ‘ Hie est qui baptizat * ”

.he concedes all. St. Ildefonse, bishop of

Toledo in the 7th century, whose work is amosaic of quotations mostly from St. Augustine,speaks to the same effect as Tertullian (De Cogn.Bapt. c. 116).

Little more need be said than that the treatisesof St. Ildefonse in the 7th, and of Leidrad in the8th century, prove that the teaching on baptismin their day was not to be distinguished fromthat of the fathers, save that, perhaps, the in-struction on the creed given to catechumens wasbecoming more and more dogmatic, and had pro-portionably more stress laid on it. St. Nicetas,iu the 5th century, closed his explanation of itby bidding his hearers: “ Remember the cove-nant which they had made with the Lord, viz.the creed which they had confessed before angelsand men. And whether they sat, worked, slept,or watched, they were to be turning over thissalutary confession in their hearts” (Exp. Symb.ad Jin.). The work of St. Ildefonse seems puttogether, in short, on the assumption that everycandidate for baptism should be well acquaintedwith dogma. There are some passages in itbesides on miraculous fonts, which show thatsuperstition was creeping in (c. 105-6).

But both his work, and that of Leidrad, endwith a short account of the eucharist, on the un-impeachable principle, “Quod oportet renovatosper baptismum mensae Dominicae applicari.”And an apposite quotation is given by the latter(c. 9) from St. Augustine, which may well betranscribed, as it stands, to conclude the subject.“Optimfc Punici Christiani baptismum ipsumnihil aliud quam salutem: et sacramentum Cor-poris Christi nihil aliud quam vitam vocant.Unde? nisi ex antiqua, et existimo, et Apostolic^traditione, qua Ecclesiae Christi insitum tenent,praeter baptismum et participationem mensaeDominicae, non solum ad regnum Dei, sed necad salutem et vitam aeternam posse quenquamhominem pervenire. Hoc enim et Scriptura tes-tatur, secundum ea quae supra diximus, Namquid aliud tenent, qui baptismum nomine salutisappellant, nisi quod dictum est: ‘Salvos nosfecit per lavacrum regenerationis ’: et quodPetrus ait ‘Sic et vos simili forms! baptisma sal-vos tacit/ Quid aliud etiam, qui sacramentummensae Dominicae vitam vocant, nisi quod dic-tum est: ‘Ego sum panis vivus, Qui de caelodescendi *: et 4 Panis quern Ego dedero, caro meaest pro saeculi vit£’: et ‘Si non manducaveritiscarnem Filii homiuis, et sanguinem biberitis, nonhabebitis vitam in vobis (De pecc. mer.

et rem. i. 34).

There have been numberless works written onbaptism, controversial as well as didactic, butonly those which embody the mind of the firsteight centuries of the church are to our purpose.Among these may be named Wall on InfantBaptism, Bingham on Lay Baptism , and the

learned Editor of the Library of the Fathers, ina note to Tertullian, on heretical baptism. No.67 of the Tracts for the ’Times , and Wilberforceon Baptism exhaust the general subject.

[E. S. Ff.J

BARACHUS, Bishop of Bacatha, or Metro-come, in Palaestina Tertia, in the middle of the4th century. When Justinian at the request ofSt. Sabas erected a church at Jerusalem inhonour of the blessed Virgin, Barachus wasmade superintendent of the works. Cyril.Scythop. Vit. S. Sabae, No. 73. In 536 he at-tended the council held at Jerusalem againstAnthimus and the Monophysites. Labbe, Concil .v. 268. [E. V.]

BARADATUS (VARADATUS), a cele-brated hermit near Antioch, in the 5th century.After many years of utter seclusion in a cell sosmall that he could neither stand nor lie in it,he was at last induced by Theodotus the bishopof Antioch to come forth. He appeared wrappedin skins from head to foot, with the exception ofhis mouth and aostrils. Among other eminentmonks and hermits, he was consulted by the em-peror Leo after the Council of Chalcedon (Theod.Phil. 27 ; Evag. Hist. ii. 9 ; Niceph. Hist. xv. 22;Assem. Bibliotfx, Orient, c. xix.) [J. G. S.]

BARAEAS (Bapatas), mentioned as one ofManes’ disciples in the Greek form of abjuration(ap. Cotelier, Patres Apost. i. 545). [E. B. C.]

BARBEUTAE, one of the names given tocertain Ophitic Gnostics (Epiph. i. 85 b), takenfrom Barbislo, a personage in their mythology.Theodoret (II. F. i. 13) calls them Barbeliotae ,apparently on no independent authority. Thecommon text of Irenaeus (p. 107) speaks ofmultitudo Gnosticorum Barbelo ; but Mr. Harveyreasonably suggests that Barbelo came in fromthe margin. This sentence refers to a “ multi-tude ” of heretics, “ some ” only of whom aresaid in the next sentence to have “imagined”(u7re'0evTo) Barbelo. [Borboriani.] [H.]

BARBELO (Bap&7}Xd> Iren., Epiph., Philast.,Pist. Soph., Hier.; -pto Epiph. as an alternative,92 a, and similarly the Epitome, p. 354 Dind.;-A, Epit. 1. c. bis ; -Aw0 Theodoret), a mytho-logical personage in several forms of OphiticGnosticism. She is obscurely described by Ire-naeus (p. 107) as “a never-aging aeon in avirginal spirit,” to whom, according to certain“Gnostici,” the Innominable Father wished tomanifest Himself, and who, when four successivebeings, whose names express thought and life,had come forth from Him, was quickened withjoy at the sight, and herself gave birth to three(or four) other like beings. She is noticed inseveral neighbouring passages of Epiphanius,who in part must be following the Compendiumof Hippolytus, as is shown by comparison withPhilaster (c. 33), but also speaks from personalknowledge of the Ophitic sects specially called“ Gnostici ” (i. 100 f.). The first passage is inthe article on the Nicolaitans (i. 77 f.), but isapparently an anticipatory reference to theiralleged descendants the “Gnostici” (77 a;Philast.). According to their view Barbelo lives“ above in the eighth heavenshe had been‘put forth’ (irpof3€$\T)(rda.i) “of the Father;”she was mother of Jaldabaoth (some said, orSabaoth), who insolently took possession of tha