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BACCHUS

BADUVINI

Nicomedia, under Maximum, about A.D. 310(Tillemont. M. E. iii. 404, 405; Baron. Jan. 24).

[A. W. H.]

BACCHUS, martyr, a Roman officer mar-tyred with Sergius under Maximian (supposed tobe a mistake for Maximin), the latter at Rasapheor Sergiopolis in Syria, the former somewherenear the Euphrates (Niceph. vii. 14; Acta inSurius; Tillemont, M. E. v. 491; Baron. Oct. 7).See Sergius, whose fame almost eclipsed that ofhis fellow-martyr. One of the cardinal deaconsat Rome derived his title from SS. Sergius andBacchus. And a church was built in theirhonour by Justinian at Constantinople (Procop.dc Aedif. Justinian, i. 4). [A. W. H.]

BACCHYLUS, or BACCHYLIDES (liberSynod.), bishop of Corinth at the end of the 2ndcentury, who took a leading part, in conjunc-tion with Polycrates of Ephesus and Theophilusof Caesarea, in the Quartodeciman controversy.In the year 190 Bacchylus summoned one of thecouncils which were held, apparently at the de-sire of Victor bishop of Rome, in various partsof the Christian world, to declare that the prac-tice of their churches was in accordance withthat of the Roman church. Eighteen bishopsassembled at Corinth under his presidency, andpronounced against the Quartodecimans (Labbe,Concil. i. 601). Bacchylus also wrote a letter inhis own name (iSfios, Euseb. v. 23), but expressingthe sentiments of all the bishops of Achaia on thepoint, which Jerome commends as a gracefulcomposition— “ elegantem librum ” (Hieron. deScript. Eccl. c. 44). This letter seems to havebeen lost before Jerome’s time, and to have beenknown only by tradition—“quarum memoria adnos usque perdurat ” (Hieron. Chron. anno 2212 ;Tillemont, iii. 106, 663). [E. V.J !

BACHIARIUS, a monk of the early part ofthe 5th century, the author of two short treatisesprinted in the Biblioth. Vet. Patr. of Galland, vol.ix. and the Patrologia of Migne, vol. xx. He iscommemorated by Gcnnadius (c. 24) as “ virChristianae philosophiae, nudus et expeditusvacare Deo disponens, etiam peregrinationempropter conservandam vitae integritatem elegit.”Gennadius attributes to him several works, onlyone of which he acknowledges to have read, viz.the Libcllus dc fide Apologeticus , addressed to thebishop of Rome. Gennadius’s perusal of thiswork must have been careless, for he entirelymistakes its object, which was not, as he states,to “ defend himself against those who condemnedhim for leaving his country and adopting a mi-gratory life ” (“querulos et infamatores peregri-nationis suae *’) of which there is not a word inthe Libcllus , but to satisfy the bishop of Rome ofhis orthodoxy, who regarded him with suspicionon account of his being a native of a countrytainted with heresy, and required a confession ofhis faith. What this country was there is no-thing in his Libcllus to determine. Gallandargues in favour of Spain, which at that timewas infested with Priscillianist and Origenisticerrors. Bachiarius affirms that he had left hisnative country because of its heresy (Lib. § 1),and claims to be regarded a native not of theland of his birth but of his baptism (lb. § 2).Bachiarius’s profession of faith is thoroughly or-thodox in all leading points. Its date is fixed

approximately at about the middle of the 5thcentury, by his denial of the tenets of Origeuregarding the soul and the resurrection life, andthose of Helvidius on the perpetual virginity ofthe Virgin (§ 3, 4), and by his omission of theSon when speaking of the procession of the HolyGhost (“ Spiritus Sanctus a Patre procedens,Patri et Filio coaeternus,” §3). This confessionis an interesting document, and will repay per-usal. It was first printed by Muratori (Anecd.Latin, ii. 939).

The other work of Bachiarius which has sur-vived is entitled Ad Jamtarium liber dc Pepa-ratione lapsi. It is addressed to Januarius, thehead of a monastery, in behalf of one of his fra-ternity whom he had expelled on account ofimmorality with a nun, and whom, notwith-standing his penitence, Januarius refused toreceive back. Bachiarius rebukes the abbot andhis monks very sharply for their uncharitableseverity, and exhorts them to restore the peni-tent. He charges the lapsed to quit the partnerof his sin, and not, as he was proposing to do,consummate his crime by marriage, to return tohis monastery, and atone for .his guilt by severepenance. The letter displays a very thoroughacquaintance with the facts of Scripture history,and very happy power in the application of them.

Bachiarius has very strangely been confoundedby Cave, Bale, and others with Mochta, a discipleof St. Patrick. [Mochtaeus.]

(Galland, Biblioth. Vet. Pat. vol. ix.; Migne,Patrol, vol. xx.; Tillemont, xvi.473—476; Cave,Hist. Lit. i. 429.) [E. V.]

BACOLA, a Mercian abbot, who attestscharters of Ofia in 777 (Kemble, C. D. i. 159,179) and later. [S.]

BACULA, an abbot who was present at thedeath of Wilfrid (Eddius, V. Wilfr. 63). [S.]

BADENOTH, the name of“Badenoth epi-scopus” is attached to a Kentish charter of 765(Kemble, C. D. i. 137; Mon. Angl. i. 166). Thename is given in some lists of the bishops ofRochester in the middle of the 9th century,where it is perhaps a mistake for Tatnoth.There was no bishop of this name in 765 ; thebishop of Rochester then being Eardulf. Thetitle is probably a clerical error. [S.]

BADOHEARD. [Beaduiieard.]

BADUDEGN (A. S. Beadotheng), a servingbrother of the monastery of Lindisfarne, who,according to Bede, was miraculously healed ofthe palsy at the tomb of S. Cuthbert. He wasalive when Bede wrote (Bed. II. E. iv. 31). [S.]

BADULF (Baldulf, Badwlf, Beadulf),was consecrated to the see of Whithern, July 17,791 at Hearrahaleh by Eanbald, archbishop ofYork, and Ethelbert, bishop of Hexham (Chr.Sax. 791; Sim. Dun. 790). In 796 he assisted atthe consecration of archbishop Eanbald II. andat the coronation of Eardulf, king of Northum-bria. (Ibid, ad ann.) He was the last bishop ofWhithern of the Anglo-Saxon succession, whosename is preserved (Will. Malmesb. G. P. iii.).

(2) Beadvvulf, abbot of Glastonbury (W.Malmesb. Ant. Glast. ed. Gale , 314), [S.]

BADUVINI (1) (Beadwin, Badewine), thefirst bishop of Elmham in East Anglia, ap-