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The Materia Medica. Part II,
derable (hare of the pungencyremaining behind.
A watery extradl [£.] eflentialoil [ L . E.) and conlerve [Z-.] ofrue are kept in the (hops. ThisJierb is ufed alfo as an ingredientin the ele£lary of bavberries, com-pound powder of myrrh, and thegreen oil [£•]
SABIN^E folia feu fummitates :Sabinte fnlio tamarifci DiofcoridisC. B. Savin ; the leaves or tops{I.E..J
This is an evergreen fhrub,•lothed with fmall, fomewhatprickly leaves : it does not pro-duce fruit till very old, and hencehas been generally reputed barren.The leaves have a bitter, acrid,bit-ing tafte ; and a flrong difagrce-able fmell: diftilled with water,they yield an eflential oil,in largerquantity(asHoftman obferves)thanany other known vegetable, theturpentine-tree alone excepted.
Savin is a warm irritating aperi-ent medicine, capable of promot-ing fweat, urine, and all the glan-dular fecretions. The diililled oilis one of the moll powerful em-menagogues ; and is found of goodfervice in obflrudlions of the ute-rus, or other vifcera, proceedingfrom a laxity and weaknefs of theveffels, or a cold fluggifh indifpo-lition of the juices.
The eflential oil [£. E ] and awatery extratt [ Z,.] of favin aretept in the ihops: the leaves them-lelves are an ingredient in thecom-pound valerian water [£.] ; theextraft in the compound elixir ofmyrrh [£.] ; and the eflential oilih the troches of myrrh [£.]
SACCHARUM ALBUM.Whiteor refined fugar [£.]
SACCHARUM PURTSSIMUM.Double refined fugar [Z..J
SACCHARUM RUBRUM.Brown or un refined fugar [Z,. E.\
SACCHARUM CANDUM.Sugar-candy [£.]
Sugar is the eflential fait of thearundo faccharifcra, a beautifullarge cane growing fpontaneouflyin the Eaft indies, and fome of thewarmer parts of the Weft, and cul-tivated in great quantity in ourAmerican plantations. The ex-prefied j uice of the cane is clarifiedwith the addition of lime water(without which it does not affumethe form of a true fugar) and boileddown to a due conliflence ; when,being removed from the lire, thefaccharine part concretes from thegroffer un&uousmatter,called trea-cle, or melaiTes, This, as yet im-pure or brown fugar, is farther pu-rified,in conical moulds,by fpread-ing moill clay on the upper broadfuifice: the watery moifture,flowlypercolating through the mafs, car-ries with it a confiderable part ofthe remains of the treacly matter.This clayed fugar, imported fromAmerica, is by our refiners diffolv-ed in water, the folution clarifiedby boiling with whites of eggs anddefpumation, and after due evapo-ration poured into moulds : as foonas the fugar has concreted, and thefluid part drained off, the furfaceis covered with moift clay as be-fore. The fugar, thus once re-fined, by a repitition of the pro-cefs, becomes the double-refinedfugar of the (hops. The candy, orcryftals, are prepared by boilingdown folu-tions of fugar to a cer-tain pitch, and then removingthem into a hot room ; with flicksfet acrofs the veflel for the fugarro (hoot upon : thefe cryftals proveof a white or brown colour, ac-cording as the fugar was pure orimpure.
The