386

SAPO

Imitated by melting Ibiv of yellow resin and Jviij of olive oil, andadding fej each of Venetian red and red sanders in powder.Sanicula Europ^a. P. Common Sanicle. A native plant common

in damp woods. It is feebly resolvent.Santalum Album kt Pallidum. P. Yellow Sanders. The woodis bitter, aromatic, stimulant, and sudorific, and is given in rheu-matism, &c.Santolina Ciiam^e-cypakissus. P. Lavender Cotton. The herb is a

bitter aromatic tonic, carminative and vermifuge.Santonica. Worm-seed, the seed of Artimisia Santonica. Theseeds are called worm-seed, and are prescribed for worms in doses ofgr. x to Jss.

Adulterated with tansy-seeds.Sapo Durus. L. E. D. Sapo ex olivo. P. Hard Soap. Sapo His-panicus, Spanish, or Castile soap, Alicant soap, Venice soap. Allhard soaps are made of different proportions of barilla and vegetableoil, chiefly olive oil; but the most common proportion is 8-56 ofbarilla, GO-*)-* of oil, and 30-50 of water. The barilla, or kelp, iscarbonate of soda, with a portion of muriate of soda, the latter ofwhich is indispensable for rendering the soap hard.

Adulterated extensively with fuller's earth, and other earthy materials,which may at once be detected by dissolving it in spirit of wine, whenthey will fall down. It is highly necessary to attend to its puritywhen intended for internal exhibition.

Soluble in water, when it is free from earthy salts, and also in alcohol,with which it forms a transparent, though gelatinous solution.

Incompatible with acids, which unite with the soda, and set free theoil; with earthy salts, such as carbonate and sulphate of lime, mag-!nesia, or alumina; with astringent vegetable decoctions and infusions,with the acetates of lead and mercury, the muriates of iron andmercury, the nitrate of silver, the sulphates of copper and iron, andtartarized antimony and iron; and with lime water.

Internally hard soap is diuretic, antacid, and lithontriptic in small dosesfrequently repeated. In larger doses it is purgative. When its useis long continued it is apt to injure digestion, and it is now chieflyused to modify the action of aloes, rhubarb, and other purgatives, bydividing them minutely, and increasing their solubility. It fre-quently succeeds in moving the bowels in constipation and visceralobstruction when other remedies fail, particularly in form of clyster.Dose gr. v to 5ss, in form of pill. The solution is an antidote tosome metallic poisons.

Externally it is emollient, and added to spirituous liniments preventstheir evaporation, and renders the skin more adapted for friction. A