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The London Dispensatory, containing : 1. the Elements of Pharmacy ; 2. the botanical Description, natural History, chemical Analysis, and medicinal Properties of the Substances of the Materia Medica ; 3. the pharmaceutical Preparations and Compositions of the Pharmacopoeias of the London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Colleges of Physicians ; the Whole forming a Practical Synopsis of Materia Medica, Pharmacy, and Therepeutics
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PART II.

Materia Medica.

233

Medical properties and uses. — Lavender is stimulant, andtonic. The oil extracted by alcohol enters into several com-positions. The dried leaves in powder were used formerly as asternutatory; but they are now neglected.

Officinal preparations. Oleum Lavandulae. L. E.D. Spiritus La-vandula. L. E. D. Spiritus Lavandidce compositus. L. E. D.

LEONTODON. Spec. Plant. Willd. iii. 1544.CI. 19. Ord. 1. Syngenesia TEqualis. Nat. ord. Composite Semi-

flosculosi Linn. Cichoracene Juss.G. 1407. Receptacle naked. Cafy r double. Pappus stipitate, hairy.Species 1. L. Taraxacum. 1 Dandelion. Med. Bot. 2d ed. 39. t. 16.

Smith Flor. Brit. 822. Eng. Bot. 510.Officinal. Taraxaci radix. Lond. Leontodi Taraxaci herba,

radix. Edin. Taraxacum ; (Dens Leonis) radix, folia.

Dub. The root and leaves of common Dandelion.

Syn. Dent de Lion ; Pissenlit (F.) Lowenzahn wurzel (G.) Tarassaco (I.) Cardil-loi ragarnina (S.)

This is one of our most common indigenous plants, flower-ing from April to September. The root is fusiform, andexternally of a dark colour. The leaves aie all radical, in gene-ral runcinate, but in very moist situations nearly entire 1 , tooth-ed, smooth, and of a pleasant green colour. The flower-stem is an erect, one-flowered simple scape, naked, smooth,fistulous, fragile, and abounding with a milky bitter juice. Theflower is terminal, large, of a golden colour, and closes in theevening: the calyx is smooth, with the exterior scales looselyturned down: the florets are very numerous, ligulate, andtoothed at the extremities. The receptacle is spheroid, andpunctured. The seeds are obovate, furrowed, of a pale olivecolour ; and furnished with a radiated pappus, on a large stipe.

The herbaceous part of this plant is blanched, and used onthe continent as a salad; but in this country, although it is de-signated by the Edinburgh and Dublin Colleges, yet it is veryseldom used, the root possessing much more of the principleon which the medicinal powers of the plant depend. The re-cent full-grown root only should be used. It is white, andcovered with a brown cuticle.

Qualities. — Dandelion is inodorous, but has a bitter, some-what sweetish acidulous taste. The milky juice reddens thevegetable blues, owing, according to Hermbstadt 3 , to the pre-sence of tartaric acid. Water extracts its virtues better than al-cohol; and scarcely any thing is taken up by ether: yet Dr. Johndetected caoutchouc in it. The decoction is precipitated by in-fusion of galls, and solutions of nitrate of silver, muriateof mercury, and superacetate of lead. Sulphate of iron

1 ApMn Gnecorum.Marsh Dandelion,

1 It must be distinguished from Leoniodon palustre,Thomson's Chemistry, 4th ed. v. 641.

 
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