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The Edinburgh new Dispensatory : containing 1. The Elements of pharmaceutical Chemistry ; 2. The Materia Medica; or the natural, pharmaceutical and medical History, or the Substances employed in Medicine ; 3. The pharmaceutical Preparations and Compositions ; including Translations of the Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia published in 1805, of the Dublin Pharmacopoeia in 1807, and of the London Pharmacopoeia in 1815
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558 Preparations and Compositions. Part III.

of dissolving even a larger proportion of camphor than is di-rected in the above formula.

This solution is a powerful analeptic remedy. Its vapour,snuffed up the nostrils, which is the only method of using it,is one of the most pungent stimuli we possess. It is so ex-tremely volatile and corrosive, that it is difficult to preserve,except in glass phials, with ground glass stoppers, or in smallgold boxes, such as are used for Henry's aromatic spirit ofvinegar, for which it is in fact an officinal substitute.

Chap. XXXI.—TINCTURES.

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The term Tincture has often been employed in a veryvague sense. It is now commonly applied to solutions, madeby infusion 01 digestion, in alcohol, or diluted alcohol. Butit is also, though perhaps incorrectly, extended to solutions inether, etherial spirits, and spirit of ammonia.

Alcohol is capable of dissolving resins, gum resins, extrac-tive, tannin, sugar, volatile oils, soaps, camphor, adipocere,colouring matters, acids, alkalies, and some compound salts.Many of these, as the gum resins, soaps, extractive, tannin,sugar, and saline substances, are also soluble in water, whilewater is capable of dissolving substances, such as gum, gela-tin and most of the compound salts, which are insoluble inalcohol. But the insolubility of these substances in the diffe-rent menstrua is not absolute, but merely relative; for a cer-tain proportion of alcohol may be added to a solution of gumin water without decomposing it; and a solution of resin inalcohol wijl bear a certain admixture of water without beco-ming turbid. Therefore, diluted alcohol, which is a mixture ofthese two menstrua, sometimes extracts the virtues of hetero-geneous compounds more completely than either of them se-parably.

Alcohol is used as a menstruum,

1. When the solvend is not soluble, or is only sparinglysoluble in water.

2. When a watery solution of the solvend is extremelyperishable.

3. When the use of alcohol is indicated as well as that ofthe solvend.

In making alcoholic tinctures, we must observe that the vir-tues of recent vegetable matters are very imperfectly extracted

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