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The Edinburgh new Dispensatory : containing 1. The Elements of pharmaceutical Chemistry ; 2. The Materia Medica; or the natural, pharmaceutical and medical History, or the Substances employed in Medicine ; 3. The pharmaceutical Preparations and Compositions ; including Translations of the Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia published in 1805, of the Dublin Pharmacopoeia in 1807, and of the London Pharmacopoeia in 1815
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Part II.

Materia Medica.

v

.189

2. Earthy muriates,—generally soluble in water, decompo-sible by heat, forming a white precipitate with alkaline car-bonates.

3. Metalline muriates___The muriatic acid is capable of~

combining with many metals, in two states of oxidizement.The muriates which contain the metal in the state of protoxide,are in general very acrid, and soluble both in water and in al-cohol. The muriates which contain the metal in the state ofperoxide are often insoluble, have a white colour, and containan excess of base, or are sub-muriates. The muriates are alsothe most volatile of the metalline salts, and often rise undecom-posed in sublimation or distillation.

Murias ammonite, v. s. Sal ammoniacus; ammonia muri-ata. Ed.

Ammonije MURIAS, s. s. Murias ammoniac. Land.Sal ammoniacum, s. s. Murias ammonite. Dub.Muriate of ammonia. Sal ammoniac.

Muriate of ammonia is found native, especially in theneighbourhood of volcanoes. It was first prepared in Egyptfrom the soot of camel-dung by sublimation ; but the greatestpart of that now used is manufactured in Europe, either bycombining ammonia directly with muriatic acid, or by de-composing the sulphate of ammonia by means of muriate ofsoda; or the muriates of lime and magnesia by means ofammonia.

In commerce, muriate of ammonia occurs, either sublimedin firm, round, elastic, concavo-convex cakes, or crystallizedin conical masses. The latter commonly contain other salts,especially muriate of lime, which renders them deliquescent ;and, therefore, the sublimed muriate of ammonia is to be pre-ferred for the purpose of medicine.

Muriate of ammonia has an acrid, pungent, urinous taste.It is soluble in about three times its weight of water at 60°,and in an equal weight at 212°. During its solution, it pro-duces 32° of cold. It is also soluble in about 4.5 parts of al-cohol. It is permanent in the ordinary state of the atmosphere.By a gentle heat, it may be deprived of its water of crystalli-zation, and reduced to the form of a white powder. At ahigher temperature it sublimes unchanged. Its crystals areeither six-sided pyramids, aggregated in a plumose form, orstill more commonly, four-sided pyramids. It consists of32.75 muriatic acid, 25 00 ammonia, and 32.25 water. It isdecomposed by the sulphuric and nitric acids ; by baryta,potass, soda, strontia, and lime j by several secondary salts

 
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