320 The Complete Englifh Difpenfatory. Partir.

and fo many ways as there are toprocure all the medicinal Efficaciesof fuch a Salt to much better ad-vantage, cm never juftify the Trou-ble and Expence of diftilling ofPlants to obtain it from them.Where therefore a Perlbn has fuchan opinion of thofe Herbs whichare term'd cold, as Plantain, Sca-bious, and the like, as not to beeafy without them, he had bettertake them in his Sallets and Broths,than diftil them. This further maybe worth remarking, that all thofePlants which are deem'd cold, arebell when they fhoot up rank andlarge; but of the hot, they areftrongeft when leaft fucculent, andwhen the Leaves fhoot fmall.

OfEJfential Oils.' Take any quantity of Gum, Ber-

* ry, Seed, Herb, or Wood, fuch' as are proper to be bruifed orJ pouder'd; let them be put into a4 Copper Still, and to them put eight' or ten times their Weight of com-

* mon Water : Lute the Head to the

* Still, and its Refrigeratory orf Worm ; raife fire under it to' make it boil, and in a little time' the Water and Oil will run into

* the Receiver, which is called a

* Spout-Receiver. When all the Oil' is apprehended to be come off,' hold a Spoon under the Nofc of' the Worm ; and if any Oil comes' with the Water into the Spoon,

* continue the Fire longer : If no' Oil appears in the Spoon, let out' the Fire, and feparste the Water

* from the Oil. Few of thefe Oils' are worth Diftillation, except in' great quantities; that is to fay,' lèverai Stills full. And th«n when« the Oil is drawn from the firft' quantity, the fame Water mull

* be faved, to be poured back into

* the Still ; by which means all»,

■ if it be often repeated, fuch a' Water will be fo impregnated' with the Ingredient, as to be' worth keeping, under the title ot« the Simple Water of liich an Here,' Seed, &c.'

Exactly the fame Method- willdraw the ejfential Oil from any Sub-ftance whatlbever that contains it;and thofe of lome Woods, as Cin-namon, Saffafras, Cloves, and thelike, becaulè they are heavier thanWater, will fall to the bottom ; butare as eaffly feparated by decantingthe Water by gentle Inclination:Becaufe that oîAnifeeds, with Ibmefew others, will coagulate towardsthe latter end of the Diftillation, theWater in xheWorm-Tub ihould ceafeto be renew'd, that it may growwarm, and diflblve away all thathas condens'd in its Paffage. Themoft valuable of this Clafs are grie-voufly fophifticated by the Chymiftsand wholefale Dealers, either withexpreffed Oils, or fuch diftilledones as are cheaper, and approachneareft to their Flavours. ThefeCheats are difcoverable either byfpecific Weight, as in the Oils ofCinnamon, Cloves, and the like, noother anfwering exactly to the fameStandard; or by Evaporation of alittle in a Spoon: For if there beany Mixture of an expreffed Oil, itwill all remain, and the other exhale ;as the Oils of Anife, Caraway, 8cc.and laftly by Dilution, fo that theFlavour is but juft retained, whichwill much fooner difcover a foreignScent than when collected in its fullStrength.

Of Ejfential Salts.Thefe are made by expreffing theJuice of any Plant, and letting it ina Cellar to fhoot ; which fome doin fmall quantities : but this is fodifficult to procure, efpecially neat,

from