SECT. IV.— GKAINS.

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Sec. IV.—GRAINS.

13. AVENA sativa. Common Oats. —A grain very commonlyknown, of which we have a number of varieties, from the thin oldBlack Oats to the line Poland variety and the celebrated Potatoe-Oats.

These give the farmer at all times the advantage of a change ofseeds, a measure allowed on all hands to he essential to good husban-dry. The culture is various; thin soils growing the black kind in pre-ference, which is remarkablj hardy, where the finer sorts affecting abetter soil will not succeed. It is applicable both to the drill andbroad-cast. The seed is from six peeks to four bushels per acre, andthe crop from seven to fourteen quarters.

14. CARUM Carui. Caraway Seeds. —The seeds of this are indemand both by druggists and confectioners. It is cultivated in Kentand Essex; where it, being a biennial plant, is sown with a crop ofspring corn, and left with the stubble during the succeeding winter,and after clearing the laud in the spring is left to go to seed. It re-quires a good hot dry soil; but although the crop is often of great va-lue, it so much exhausts the land as to be hazardous culture in manylight soils where the dunghill is not handy.

The seed is about ten pounds per acre, and the crop often live orsix sacks.

75. CORIANDRUM sativum. Cor.iANDr.n —Is grown in the stifflands in Essex, and is an annual of easy but not of general culture.The seeds are used by druggists and rectifiers of spirits, and formmany of the cordial drinks.

The quantity of seed and produce are similar to those of Caraway.

16. ERVUM Lens. Ientiis. —Once cultivated here for the seeds,which are used for Soltys ; but it is furnished principally from Spain,and can at all times be purchased for less than it can be grown for.

11. HOKDEUM dislulion. Common Two-bowed Barley. —A grainnow in very general cultivat on, ami supposed io be the best kind grownfor malting. The season for sowing barley is-in the spring, and thecrop var es according to soil and culture; it is sown either broad-cas't,diiiled, or dibbled. Tim quantity of seed sown is from three peeks tothree bushels per acre, anil the produce from three to eleven quarters.

As the process of malting may not be generally understood by thatclass of readers for which this woik is mostly intended, I shall give ashort sketch of it.—It is a natural principle of vegetation, that everyseed undergoes a change before it is formed into the young plant. Thesubstance of the cotyledons, which when ground forms the nutritiousflower of which bread is made, changes into two particular substaun ■,

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