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OMINE: — HlSTORY; NATURAL HlSTOltY ; PfiEPARATION, 41 5

Order IX. BROMINE.

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23. BROMINIUM. - BROMINE.

Vivaknt Weight 80. 1 Äquivalent Volume of the Vapour 1 or

°2ß, j, lhis substaiice was discovered by M. Baiard, of Montpellier, in? sta tice f a termed it munde (from muria, brine), in allusion to the

' e a '^ e red t? 1 - 11 Wuence be procured it; bat, at the Suggestion of Gay-Lussac,Utl acc üunt - S - llame *° tuat °f brome, or bromine (from ßpüjuoe, « stink),., ^4T D n °tT lts u »pleasant odour.

e fre P „*_., ^ 1s '1'ouy. —It is found in both kingdoms of nature, but never in

an

,'-" lc i'). if*j? ]iGANIs:BD Kingdom. —Bromide of sifver has been found in Mexico8 i ,' Sl;i n cadii,;,? „'er deteeted brenne in an ore of zinc, and Cochler reeognised it infoi {

F^mium.!

_ It exists in sea-water and many mineral waters, especially brinethnr! '" thp nia tion with either sodium, magnesium, or calcium. Tims it lias becnV. l Si sl alera °f the Mediterranean, th

C34 s

rranean, the Baltic, the North Sea, the Prith of Eorth,

spri *kh, AaKh^/ °^ ^ e ^ lme Springs of Europe and America (as those of Middlewich,d f j U) S8 0 f j, lb .y-de-la-Zouch, and Shirleywich, in England), and in many other minerali'ie) ■ ' and of°H C an -^ America ( as the Pittville spring at Cheltenham, the water of Llan-jj, | ! u it. | t , On nington). The saline Springs near Kreuznach in Gcrmany are especiallyIL. llllc Sprino. • ^ een J us % observed by Dr. Daubeny, 3 that the deteetion of bromineiP^duet „n, ls a f a °t intcresting in a geological point of view, as tending to identify

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aucient seas, in their most miaute partieulars, with those of the present-Bromine has been found in the sea-plants of the

ANISED KlKGDOM.-

'd in the mother-waters of Kelp. It has likewise been deteeted in--j.uals.^ Thus in the Sea-Sponge (ßpongia oßcinalis), in the stony con-

Hxt,,. 1 f °üud;« *i ■ ais -

° Us ßiollii«, 111 animal, in the ashes of the" Janthina violacea, one of the gasteroj> iUs oa, and in eod-liver oil.

Ij *ater f l0N ''—Bromine is obtained from bittein (the mother-liquor ofi °"- ; from 1 ! 1 ^ W ^ c ^ cn loride of sodium has been separated by crystallisa-1 i'than -ß ' 0r fr° m the mother-ley of the salt Springs near Kreuznach,n 6 % ou)i rom thirty pounds of the concentrated ley, Liebig obtained„ Cc ° t( iino- 1 C ^ of bromine. Of these Springs, that of Karshall contains,tf' ° f ^omid " G " 0sann ' 4 6 ' 6025 g rs - of bromide of calcium, and 1-3672S) c . Sa me ailt ]" e ° lna gnesium, in sixteen ounces of the water. According toopS conta 9 y ' 10 ° parts of the mother - le y of the Münster-am-Steinc lUa § n esiu Ul ~* ^ P arts °^ bromide of calcium, and 0*48 parts of bromideii'' 11 ^ 11 338*79 ^ xteen ounces of the mother-ley of the Theodorshall spring'^sium SIS ' °^ bromide of calcium, and 92-82 grs. of bromide of

'• Gin !■ u suall v n h bromme . according to Berzelius, is 78'4 [78'26, Graham], This rmmberSl m '" m the fiY7 y closel y adhered to by cliemical writers, und is adopted by the learned'"'km,; Ullt SO i a <,, rst l )art °f bis Handbuch. But the later researches of Marignac appear to prove

, and accordingly L. Gmeliii lias adopted Ulis in the second or„;J Handbuch. It is remarkable that 80 is the nmnber adopted by Thomson3 iV*". üa P' , Vth edit - vol. i. 1831).

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. Ke s Allgemeine und specielle Ilei/quellenlehre, Abt. 1, S. 224, Leipzig, 1839.