150 THE HISTORY OF THE ORDER OF [book i .

3rd. Knights to have all the proofs required ofa miles -nullus fit miles nisi filius militis}

4th. The not regularly professed in the order,may yet be aggregated to it. 2 3

5th. Females also. 1 2 3 4 * 6

6th. None professed can have any property of theirown; hut only can expect to be clothed and fedplainly and frugally f and freely dedicatetheir lives.

7th. Therefore three vows—celibacy, obedience,and individual poverty.

8th. Celibacy cuts off from most of those domes-tic ties which are impediments to self-devoted-ness. Obedience the most implicit; particu-larly in battle, where, without an expresscommand, they on no pretext whatsoever canretire; but death must be expected with heroicfortitude. Their being individually poor,means that they renounce the rights of property,

1 Hallam : Middle Ages.

2 Almost all the Norman Princes were of this class.

3 Ever since, as old Eaimond. Cod. Dipl. Gcros., Num. xxii.,or a Dohemond, Num. xcviii., Appendix, xliii.

4 P. A. Paoli: 353.—Chron. Yitzhurgense. Whether by

vows as in 1134 at Yerona, or in the world, as the King ofPrance’s daughter and sister. Appendix, Num. xlii.

6 P. A. Paoli : 221 and passim. Bread and water are thewords to this day. Reception, Yertot, vi. 21.