(4) During the terrilic storm of September 7, 1902, which caused so much damage in certainparts of Japan, the observations made on board the U. S. A. T. Sumner could have been made gooduse of to find the track of the typhoon by means of the barocyclonometer.
OBSERVATIONS MADE ON BOARD THE U. S. A. T. SUMNER.
[From San Francisco to Manila.]
Date.
Position.
Barom-
Latitude
Longitude
eter.
*
(north).
(east).
o /
o t
Inches.
Sept. 5
6. 45 a. m __
34 18
138 13
29.65
34 08
2. 54 p. in __
33 46
136 40
.54
33 42
.54
Sept. 6
6.59 a. m __
33 02
135 71
.52
8 p. m __ __
32 30
133 23
.42
Sept. 7
12. 30 a. in
31 57
132 46
7 a. m_
28. 22
11 a. m_
31 44
133 44
.17
3. 04 p. m
. 12
4.03 p. in_
32 05
133 25
.09
8 p. m_
31 54
133 10
.82
Sept, 8
8 p. m_
31 13
131 17
29. 64
Wind.
Direction.
Force,
0-12.
Remarks.
ESE.
2
SSE.; swell; squally.
ESE.
2
Do.
Do.
SSE.
5
Mountainous sea from SSE.; squally;exceptionally heavy sea. Expectingwe are either overtaking a typhooncoming across the China Sea or arealready near its outer edge; put theengine under slow bell and heave theship to, awaiting results. "Very heavysea running, hard wind and rainsqualls of short duration, wind haul-ing to NE. about 9.30 p. m.
NE.
10
Barometer falling of an inch per
hour; sea from NE.
NE.
7
Terrible, mountainous sea from NE.
Wind and sea increasing; barometerdropping rapidly.
N. byE.
12
The center of the storm can not be veryfar distant.
E. by N.
12
E. by N.
12
The storm raged with unabated fury;
E. by N.
12
terrible sea running and ship rollingsomething fearful until 4.30 p.m.; the
wind suddenly shifting to SSE. andbarometer commenced rising slowly.
S.
10
Mountainous sea from NE.; the windthroughout the worst part of the galecoming from about E. by N. true andthe sea being NNE.
Variable.
2
First part of day heavy sea; sea from
E. by N.-NNE.
We find that on September 6 at 8 p. m. the barometer reading was 29.42 inches and the windwas blowing strongly from the northeast. The barometer shows that the ship was then in zone B.At 7 a. m. of the 7th the barometer had fallen to 28.22 inches, corresponding to zone C, and thewind came from north by east. The use of the barocyclonometer would have been as follows:
Before commencing operations the observer would have set the central arrow of the wind diskin the direction of the mean trajectory of typhoons for the ship’s place (32° 30' north latitude and133° 23' east longitude) during September. The large chart shows this to be southwest-northeast.Having set the central arrow in this direction, he would have determined the ship’s position relativeto the vortex at 8 p. m. of the 6th, using the single end of the “double needle.” The wind was fromthe northeast, the barometer reading indicated that he was in zone B. He would have moved thedouble needle until its single end passed through the tail end of that arrow in zone B, which wasmost nearly parallel to the direction of the wind—that is, northeast-southwest—then the other,double, end of the needle would have shown that the vortex lay south by east of the ship. After theobservation at 7 a. m. of the next morning he would have determined the new position of the vortexby means of the plain end of the “graduated needle,” without disturbing the rest of the arrange-ment. The barometer now showed that the ship was in zone C, the wind came from north by east.There is no arrow in zone C of the wind disk, which (with the arrangement described, see plate)is parallel to the north by east and south by west line. But Plate XLIII, which represents the