JAMES THE SECOND.

Ill

and uncompromising republican of his time, should have been chap.the author of a plan for reducing a large part of the working i 683-classes of Scotland to slavery. He bore, in truth, a livelyresemblance to those Roman Senators who, while they hatedthe name of King, guarded the privileges of their order withinflexible pride against the encroachments of the multitude,and governed their bondmen and bondwomen by means of thestocks and the scourge.

Amsterdam was the place where the leading emigrants,

Scotch and English, assembled. Argyle repaired thitherfrom Friesland, Monmouth from Brabant. It soon appearedthat the fugitives had scarcely anything in common excepthatred of James and impatience to return from banishment.

The Scots were jealous of the English, the English of theScots. Monmouth’s high pretensions were offensive to Argyle,who, proud of ancient nobility and of a legitimate descentfrom kings, was by no means inclined to do homage to theoffspring of a vagrant and ignoble love. But of all the dissen-sions by which the little band of outlaws was distracted themost serious was that which arose between Argyle and a por-tion of his own followers. Some of the Scottish exiles had, ®” r a c b a 1 j,in a long course of opposition to tyranny, been excited into a ■morbid state of understanding and temper, which made the scotchmost just and necessary restraint insupportable to them.

They knew that without Argyle they could do nothing. Theyought to have known that, unless they wished to run headlongto ruin, they must either repose full confidence in their leader,or relinquish all thoughts of military enterprise. Experiencehas fully proved that in war every operation, from the great-est to the smallest, ought to be under the absolute directionof one mind, and that every subordinate agent, in his degree,ought to obey implicitly, strenuously, and with the show ofcheerfulness, orders which he disapproves, or of which thereasons are kept secret from him. Representative as-