WILLIAM AHD MART.

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time when a perfectly fair picture could have been painted has chap.now passed away. The original has long disappeared: noauthentic effigy exists; and all that is possible is to produce animperfect likeness by the help of two portraits, of which one isa coarse caricature and the other a masterpiece of flattery.

Among the erroneous notions which have been commonly Peculiar

. . J nature of

received concerning the history and character of the High-Jacobitismlanders is one which it is especially necessary to correct, iiigh-During the century which commenced with the campaign of la “ ds ‘Montrose, and terminated with the campaign of the youngPretender, every great military exploit which was achieved onBritish ground in the cause of the House of Stuart was achievedby the valour of Gaelic tribes. The English have thereforevery naturally ascribed to those tribes the feelings of Englishcavaliers, profound reverence for the royal office, and enthu-siastic attachment to the royal family. A close inquiry howeverwill show that the strength of these feelings among the Celticclans has been greatly exaggerated.

In studying the history of our civil contentions, we mustnever forget that the same names, badges, and warcries hadvery different meanings in different parts of the British isles.

We have already seen how little there was in common betweenthe Jacobitism of Ireland and the Jacobitism of England. TheJacobitism of the Scotch Highlander was, at least in the seven-teenth century, a third variety, quite distinct from the othertwo. The Gaelic population was far indeed from holding thedoctrines of passive obedience and nonresistance. In factdisobedience and resistance made up the ordinary life of. thatpopulation. Some of those very clans which it has been thefashion to describe as so enthusiastically loyal that they wereprepared to stand, by James to the death, even when he was inthe wrong, had never, while he ivas on the throne, paid thesmallest respect to his authority, even when he was clearly in