OF THE CRIMEA.

44»

and tubercular acorn-cups; which fiourilhes chiefly inftony mountains, and, in confequence of the goatsbrowzing upon it, often appears of a very low andflunted form. Hence its trunk feldom exceeds thethicknefs of a man's thigh: its wood is uncommonlyhard, and of a dark-brown colour.

2. Two kinds of Beech, or Kok-Agatß> ; narnely, a larger

fort, twelve feet in circumference; and a fmaü fpecies,the branches of which nearly touch the ground, havingdiminutive leaves, and delighting in a rocky foil: itCovers whole mountainous tra&s, even thofe of cal-careous marl, and never acquires a ftrong or loftytrunk.

3. The Beech, or Byk; which, in many parts of the higher

mountains, forms thick groves of ftraight trees; and,where it grows in a lefs crowded ftate, frequently hasa trunk two yards in circumference.

4. The Dwarf-Elm {Kara-dgatß), or Black Wood) is a very

common tree in woods, hedges, and gardens : its roots,like thofe of the dog's grafs, fpread beneath the turf, andin every dire&ion produce new twigs j fo that its fhrubsprove in many places injurious to the vineyards andorchards, efpecially in the valley of Sudagh. Thefeyoung fhoots appear in two different forms: they eithergrow flender, with thin fmooth rods, fuch as are ob-ferved in old trees, and generally in the fhape of a fan,with the extremities fomewhat curved, refembling thefeathers of a bird's wing: or, they are fhorter and moreftunted; all the twigs, being longitudinally ftreaked to

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the