4o JOURNEY THROUGH THE SOUTH-WESTERN QUARTER

ficed his private emolument to the benefit of the common weal,by eftablifhing in this village, firft a manufa&ory of malleableiron, with a lock-fmith's fhop; next, a valuable tannery, underthe fuperintendance of a German mafter; and efpecially anexcellent nurfery of the beft forts of indigenous and exoticfruit-trees. The ancient Tartar orchards planted near hisvillage, which is now inhabited by a Ruffian colony, as well asthofe on the upper banks of the Katfha, are unequalled bothfor the abundance and excellent quality of their fruit. Hencethis place has obtained great celebrity by the aromatic apples ofof Sinap, which are annually conveyed by land-carriage toMofco, and even to Peterfburgh In a declining direcYion,towards the fea, along the banks of the Katfha, there are manyorchards, and efpecially vineyards ; the latter of which yield anagreeably fweetifh and fpirituous, though not very durable,wine. Only a fmall proportion of this liquor is of a red hue;which, at the time of the vintage, is fold at the price of aboutone ruble the eimer, confifting of ten Ruffian quarts* ; whilethat produced in the lower countries of the Alma is of an in-ferior kind, which is apt to become acid in the fucceedingfpring; fo that, during the autumn, it may be purchafed for70 or 80 kopeeks^r eimer. Although the mode of culture,and the fpecies of grapes, on the banks both of the Alma andKatfha, are nearly the fame, yet the fituation of the vineyardsin the vicinity of the latter is much warmer, and the land ismore fertile. Here the vine is trained according to the mannerpracYifed in Hungary, not in fingle ftems, nor in efpaliers, but inthe manner of bufhes; (o that each plant may, near the furface

* See the explanation of this meafure, vol. I. p. 40.

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