C U R I A3 — CYBELE.

h^vc been abolished. The highest council of thenope, corresponding, in some measure, to the privycouncil of a monarch, is the college of the cardinals,convened whenever the pope thinks fit. The sessionsof this senate, which presides over all the otherauthorities in Rome, are called consistories. Theyare of three different kinds. The secret consistory isheld generally, twice a month, after the pope has givenorivate audience to every cardinal. In these sessionsbishops are elected, pallia granted, ecclesiastical andpolitical affairs of importance transacted, and reso-lutions adopted on the reports of the congregationsdelegated by the consistory : beatifications and ca-nonisations also originate in this body. Differentfrom the secret consistories are the semi-secret ones,nliose deliberations relate principally to politicalaffairs, and the results of them are communicated tothe ambassadors of foreign powers. The publicconsistories are seldom held, and are, principally,ceremonial assemblies: in these the pope receivesambassadors, and makes known important resolu-tions, canonisations, establishments of orders, &c.According to rule, all cardinals residing in Romeshould take part in the consistories ; but, in point offact, no one appears without being especially sum-moned by the pope. The pope, if able to do so,always presides in person, ana the cardinal secretaryof state (who is minister of the interior and of foreignaffairs), is always present, as are likewise the car-dinals presidents of the authorities. At present thereare twenty-two congregations of cardinals at Rome :]. the holy Roman and general inquisition, or holyoffice ( santo officio) ; 2. visita apostolica; 3. consisto-riale; 4. vescovi regolari; 5. de concilia (tridentino) ;6. residenza di vescovi; 7. immunita ecclesiastica;8. propaganda; 9. indici (of prohibited books); 10.tagri riti (of the holy rites) ; 11. ceremoniale; 12. dis-eiplina regolare (orders of monks) ; 13. indulgenziesagre reliquie; 14. esame dei vescovi; 15. correzioni deiBri della chiesa Orientate; 16. fabbrica di S. Pietro(who have charge of the repairs of St. Peter’s) ;17. consulta; 18. Buongovemo; 19. Loretto ; 20. hy-draulic works and the Pontine Marshes; 21. econo-mica; 22. extraordinary ecclesiastical affairs. Few,however, of these congregations are fully suppliedwith officers.

Curiae. Certain divisions of the Roman people,which Romulus is said to have established. Hedivided Rome into thirty curise, and assigned to eacha separate place, where they might celebrate theirfeasts, under their particular priest (ran'o). At thecomitia, the people assembled in curiae, to vote onimportant matters. The whole Roman people weredivided by Romulus into three tribes, each tribe intoten curiae, each curiae into ten decuriae. To votecuriatim , therfore, is to vote by curiae. The divisioninto curiae was founded on locality, and thereforecontradistinguished from the division according totribes (a number of families of the same descent).

Cusco, or Cuzco. A city of Peru, capital of anintendency of the same name, the ancient capital ofthe Peruvian empire. It was founded, according totradition, in 1043, by Manco Capac, the first inca ofPeru, on a rough and unequal plain, formed by theskirts of various mountains, which are washed by thesmall river Guatanay. The wall was of an extraor-dinary height, and built of stone, with astonishingneatness. The Spaniards, in 1534, found the housesbuilt of stone; among them a temple of the sun, and

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a great number of magnificent palaces, whose principalornaments were of gold and silver, which glittered onthe walls. Cusco, is at present, a large city; thehouses are usually of stone, and covered with red tiles;the apartments are well distributed; the mouldingsof the doors are generally gilt, and the furniture notless magnificent. The cathedral church is large,built of stone, and of an elegant and noble architec-ture. About three-fourths of the inhabitants areIndians. This city has a population of from 20 to30,000 persons, and is 550 miles E. S. E. of Lima.Lon. 71“ 4' W„ lat. 13° 42' S.

Custos Rotulorum. An officer who has thecustody of the rolls and records of the sessionsof the peace, and also of the commission of thepeace itself. He is usually a nobleman, and alwaysa justice of the peace, of the quorum in the countywhere he is appointed. He may execute his officeby a deputy, and is empowered to appoint the clerkof the peace ; but he is prohibited from selling hisoffice under divers penalties.

Cuxhaven. A village in Riitzebiittel a bailiwickof Hamburg, at the mouth of the river Elbe. Itslighthouse is in 8° 43 '\" E. Ion., and 53° 52' 51" N. lat.,sixty-one miles W. N. W. of Hamburg. The harbouris large and commodious, one of the safest on thecoast, and is resorted to in cases of danger. Herevessels generally take pilots to go up the river toHamburg, &c. These pilots are privileged, and, bytheir statutes, are compelled always to keep a yachtout at sea, near the outermost buoy, called the redbuoy, with men ready to conduct any vessel whichmay demand assistance. These pilots very often goas far as the channel, and even through it, to meetvessels. From this village there is a regular packetline, maintained by the English government, to Har-wich. Here is also a quarantine, where vessels areoften subjected to much unnecessary delay, when theyare bound to Hamburg. A bathing-house has beenestablished here, w ith many other improvements, bythe senator Abendroth. In the middle ages, a familynamed Lappen were in the habit of sailing from thisplace for the commission of piracy. Hamburg con-quered it in the fourteenth century. With this city, itcame under the French dominion, and, in 1814, wasagain declared a province of Hamburg. The wholebailiwick of Riitzebiittel is subject to, but not a compo-nent part of, Hamburg.

Cuyaba, or Jesus de Cuyaba. A town of Brazil,capital of Matto Grosso, on the river Cuyaba, nearly300 miles above its entrance into the Paraguay. Itis 280 miles W. of Villa Rica, and has a population of30,000 persons. In the neighbourhood of this townare the most western mining stations in Brazil, longcelebrated for the quantity of gold they produced.The town is well provided with meat, fruits, andvegetables, and the surrounding country is fruitful.

Cybei.f. was originally a particular goddess of thePhrygians, like Isis, the sy mbol of the moon, and,what is nearly connected with this, of the fruitfulnessof the earth; for which reason she is confoundedwith Rhea, whose worship originated in Crete, and inwhom personified nature was revered. When theworship of Cybele was introduced among the Greeks,the goddess was already surrounded with a cloud ofmythological traditions. According to Diodorus,Cybele was the daughter of the Phrygian king Mseon,and his wife Dyndyma. At her birth, her father,vexed that the child was not a boy', exposed her upon