CACI QUE-

Cacique. In some parts of America, the title ofthe native chiefs at the time of the conquest by theSpaniards.

Cacongo. A kingdom of western Africa, boundedon the south by the Zaire, which separates it fromCongo, and on the north by Loango. The country ismountainous, but very fertile; the climate is lesshumid and less hurtful to the constitution of Euro-peans than that of Loango. The government is amonarchy limited and controlled by the chief men, insuch a manner, that on the death of the sovereign themost powerful or popular usually ascends the throne.The prince administers justice in person, beginning atsix in the morning, and continuing usually till elevenin the forenoon. At every verdict which he delivers,he takes a draught of palm wine, without which thesentence would not be legal. Both the king and hisnobles have their apartments furnished in the Euro-pean style, with beds, chairs, plate, &c.; but these ac-commodations are kept chiefly for show, and theyprefer the ancient custom of placing themselves onthe ground. It is even said that the king considersit unlawful to make use of any European manufacturesexcept those of wood or ivory ; but this exclusiondoes not extend to his subjects. Malemba is theprincipal port, through which almost the whole tradeof the country, consisting chiefly in slaves, is con-ducted.

Cacosin. A town of the island of Cuba, 50 milesN. N. W. of Bayamo.

Caculo. A small town of Saladoo, in Africa, onthe Faleme, 60 miles S. of Gallam.

Cadalen. A town of France, in the province ofLanguedoc, department of the Tarn, with 1700 inha-bitants, six miles S. E. of Gaillac, and 19 N. N. W.of Castres.

Cader Idris. A mountain of Wales; the com-mencement of a chain running north-easterly. Thereare here several small lakes, abounding in fish. Theheight of the mountain is 3550 feet above the level ofthe sea. It is three miles south of Dolgelly, Me-rionethshire.

Cadet {French'). 1, A younger brother.—2. Inthe French service, a cadet was a gentleman whoserved in the ranks without pay, for the purpose oflearning the art of war.—3. It is now applied in Eng-land and the North American United States, to thepupils of a military academy.

Cadi, in Arabic ; a judge or jurist. Among theTurks, cadi signifies an inferior judge, in distinctionfrom the mollah, or superior judge. They belong tothe higher clergy, as the Turks derive their law fromtheir prophet.

Cadiz, the principal port, and one of the hand-somest cities of Spain, is situated at the extremity ofa long tongue of land projecting from the island ofLeon. The narrowness of the land communicationprevents its capture by a military force, while thegarrison is master of the sea. This was exemplifiedin the long blockade of 1810, 11, 12. It is walled,with trenches and bastions on the land side, and, thepopulation being large (70,000) the houses have beenbuilt high, and the streets are narrow. It lias beenmuch extended, and adorned with handsome build-ings, since 1786. The chief buildings are the greathospital, the custom-house, the churches, and thirteenmonasteries. From the harbour the town has a tineappearance.

The bay of Cadiz is a very fine one. It consists

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of a large basin, enclosed by the main land on oneside, and the projecting tongue of land on the other.It is from ten to twelve leagues in circumference, withgood anchorage, and protected by the neighbouringhills. It has four forts, two of which form the de-fence of the grand arsenal, La Caraca, in which arethree basins and twelve docks. This bay is the greatrendezvous of the Spanish navy. Cadiz was thecentre of Spanish American trade, and the commerceof the port was very extensive before the separationof the colonies. An important branch of industry inthe vicinity is the preparation of salt: the pits belongto the government, and supply many of the fisher-men of different countries of Europe.

The city was taken by the earl of Essex in 1596,and from its bay Villeneuve sailed, previous to thebattle of Trafalgar, in 1805. In 1809, it became theseat of the central junta, and afterwards of the cortes.It sustained a long blockade from the French (Feb. 6,1810, to Aug. 25, 1812), which was not raised tillafter the battle of Salamanca. In 1823, the Frenchentered it (Oct. 3), after a short siege. In 1829, itwas declared a free port. On the island of Leon, thevillage of Las Cabezas is also situated, where Riegobegan the military revolution, Jan. 1, 1820. SeeSpain.

Cadiz, Straits op. That part of theAtlanticwhich has the coasts of Algarve and Andalusia on thenorth, those of Fez and Morocco on the south, andthe Straits of Gibraltar on the east.

Cadmus. The name of several persons in mytho-logy and history. The most famous is the son ofAgenor and grandson of Neptune. With his brothers,he was sent, by his father, to seek his sister Europa,who had been carried away by Jupiter, and he wasnot to return without her. After several adven-tures, Cadmus inquired of the oracle at Delphi, whichcommanded him to desist from further search, to intrusthimself to the guidance of a heifer, and where sheshould stop to build a city. He accordingly went toBoeotia, where he wished to sacrifice the animal toMinerva. But his companions, in attempting to fetchwater from the fountain of Mars, for the purpose ofthe sacrifice, were slain by the dragon that guarded it.Cadmus killed the dragon, and, at the command ofMinerva, sowed its teeth in the earth ; armed menimmediately sprang up, whom he called Sparti (thesowed), but who perished in a contest with each other,excepting only five. With the remainder, he builtthe city of Cadmea or Thebes. See Tiiebes. Jupi-ter then married him to Harmonia, and all the godswere present at his nuptials. He became, by thismarriage, the father of Antinoe, Ino, Semele, Agave,and Polydorus.

After ruling, for a time, the city which he hadbuilt, and the state which he had founded, he pro-ceeded, at the command of Bacchus, with Harmonia,to the Enchel®, conquered their enemies, the Illyrians,became their king, and begat another son, Illyrius.Jupiter finally changed him and Harmonia into ser-pents, or, as some say, into lions, and transportedthem to Elysium. Tradition states, that Cadmus cameto Bceotia from Phoenicia, 1550 B. C., conquered theinhabitants who opposed him, and, in conjunction withthem, founded the above-mentioned city. To pro-mote the improvement of his new subjects, he taughtthem the Phoenician alphabet, the emplovment ofmusic at the festivals of the gods, besides the use ofcopper, &c.