BURGOMASTER-

tleath ; ami this statute, pursuing that of 1*2 Anne,o. 7 makes the committing a felony in a house, amtbreaking out of it by night, burglary. This statuteof (Jco. IV. also alters the definition of the crime, bysubstituting dwelling for mansion-house. It also de-fines what shall be considered as part of the house,saving, that no building within the same curtilage,and occupied with the dwelling-house, shall be deemeda part of it for this purpose, “unless there shall be acommunication ” with the house “ by means of acovered and inclosed passage.” This provision clearsup a doubt that had hung over the former law. Thisact also provides (s. 12), that, “ if any person shallbreak and enter a house and steal, &c., or shall stealanv property in any dwelling-house, any persontherein being put in fear , or shall steal to the value ofa/, he shall suffer deathand it does not appear, byMr. Collier’s edition of the criminal statutes, 1828,that any distinction is made, in this section, as to theotf'ence'being by day or night.

This crime is punishable, under the French CodePenal, (lib. 3, tit. 2, c. 2, s. I, Nos. 381, 383,) eitherbv death or by hard labour for life, according to thecircumstances of aggravation.

Burgomaster. The name of the chief magistratesof large towns in the Netherlands and Germany.Their number and term of office are different in dif-ferent places. They are sometimes chosen for life,sometimes for a fixed period. They preside in themunicipal counsels, &c. The same officer in Franceis called moire, in this country and the cities of NorthAmerica, mayor.

Burgos. A city of Spain, the capital of Old Cas-tile, and once the residence of its kings. It standson the declivity of a hill, on the right bank of theArlanzon. The streets are narrow and dark. Itcontains a college, numerous churches and convents,and a population of about 10,000. The cathedral, one ofthe most beautiful Gothic structures in Spain, was builtin the thirteenth century, and, as well as some of theother churches, contains splendid mausolea. It isso large that service can be performed in eightchapels at once without confusion. The wool ofOld Castile passes principally through Burgos, andit has some woollen manufactures. It was capturedbv the English in 1813. Lat. 42° 21' N., Ion. 2°40' W.

Burguetta, or Elburguetta. A town of Spain,in the valley of Ronceval, where the rear-guard ofCharlemagne’s army was defeated by the Saracens,and the famous Roland slain, a. d. 778 ; twenty-fourmiles N. E. of Pampeluna.

Burgundians. The Burgundians (called by theancients Burgundi, Burgundiones, Bumgundi, Burgan-tas, Bunticece, and sometimes Urugundi), one of theprincipal branches of the Vandals, can be traced backto the country between the Oder and the Vistula, inwhat is now the New Mark, and the southern part ofWest Prussia. They were distinguished from theother Germans by living together in villages, burgen(whence, perhaps, they received the name of Burgun-dians). The others lived separately, amf led a morewandering life. This is probably the reason whythey retained possession of their country much longerthan the neighbouring Goths and Vandals, till, atlength, they were no longer able to withstand thebepidse, vvho pressed in upon them from the mouthsof the Vistula. In consequence of the loss of a greatbattle with the Gepida*, they emigrated to Germany,

•BURGUNDIANS. 329

where they advanced to the region of the UpperRhine, and settled near the Alleinanni. From themthey took a considerable tract of country, and livedin almost continual war with them. In the beginningof the fifth century, with other German nations, theypassed over into Gaul. After a long struggle, andmany losses, they succeeded in obtaining possessionof the south-eastern part of this country by a contractwith the Romans. A part of Switzerland, Savoy,Dauphiny, Lyonnais, and Franche-Cointe, belongedto their new kingdom, which, even in the year 470,was known by the name of Burgundy. The seat ofgovernment seems to have been sometimes Lyons,and sometimes Geneva.

By their old constitution, they had kings, calledhendinos, whom they chose and deposed at their plea-sure. If any great calamity befell them, as a failureof the crops, a pestilence, or a defeat, the king wasmade responsible for it, and his throne was given toanother, under whom they hoped for better times.Before their conversion to Christianity (which hap-pened after their settlement in Gaul), they had ahigh-priest, called sinestus, whose person was sacred,and whose office was for life. The trial by combateven then existed among them, and was regarded asan appeal to the judgment of God. Continually en-deavouring to extend their limits, they became en-gaged in a war with the Franks, by whom they werefinally wholly subdued, under the son of Clovis, afterClovis himself had taken Lyons. They still preservedtheir constitution, laws, and customs, for a time. Butthe dignity of king was soon abolished, and, underthe Carlovingians, the kingdom was divided intoprovinces, which from time to time shook off theirdependence.

In 879, Boson, count of Autun, brother-in-law ofCharles the Bald, and the duke of Milan, with theassent of the Burgundian nobles, succeeded in esta-blishing again the royal dignity m this kingdom. Hestyled himself king of Provence. His residence wasat Arles, and hence is derived the name, kingdom ofArles. He was deprived of several provinces byLouis and Carloman; but his son Louis added to hishereditary possessions the country lying beyond theJura, and thus established the kingdom of BurgundyCis-Jurana, or Lower Burgundy, which included apart of Provence, with Arles, Dauphiny, Lyonnais,Savoy, and a part of Franche-Cointe. A secondkingdom of Burgundy arose when the Guelph Ro-dolph von Strettlingen (duke of Swiss Lorraine)gained possession of the rest of Lorraine, namely,Switzerland beyond the river Reuss, the Valais, and apart of Savoy, and, in short, all the provinces betweenthe Jura and the Pennine Alps, and caused himselfin 883, to be crowned king of Upper Burgundy.

Both Burgundian kingdoms w ere united about theyear 930, and, after the race of Rodolph became ex-tinct (1032), were incorporated with Germany, underthe emperor Conrad II. But a third state, whichhad its origin about the same time with Upper Bur-gundy, consisting principally of the French provinceBourgogne (Burgundy properly so called), and thefounder of which is said to have been Richard, bro-ther of Boson, first king of Lower Burgundy, main-tained its independence. From Ludegardis, grand-daughter of Richard, and her husband Otho, a brotherof Hugh Capet, sprang the ancient dukes of Burgundy(Bourgogne). They became extinct, in 1301, withthe death of duke Philip, and Burgundy was imme-