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district, with respect to richness of soil, have beenrendered extremely productive from the great atten-tion given to the cultivation and improvement of theland. The fertile vale of Aylesbury spreads throughthe middle of the county, and furnishes a rich pas-turage to vast numbers of cattle. The more northernparts are diversified with gentle sand-hills, whichenter from Bedfordshire. In the vicinity of theChiltern hills, where the soil is light, and inimical toproduction without much labour, the most sedulouscare is bestowed, and every mode of improvementadopted. The soil of this county is principally com-posed of rich loam, strong clay, chalk, and loam upongravel. Its chief application in the Chiltern district,is to the growth of wheat, barlev, oats, beans, andsaintfoin. The waste lands in this county are veryinconsiderable, the greatest part being contained in theheaths of Iver, Fulmer, Stoke, and Wycombe. Thesouthern division of the county produces large quan-tities of fine beech : near a sixth part of the landbetween the road to Oxford and the Thames, is sup-posed to be covered with that wood. The chief ma-nufactures are those of paper and lace. The latteraffords employment to nearly all the lower class offemales in the county. The principal rivers are theOuse and the Thame. The former enters the countyon the western side, passes Water Stratford, andflows in a devious course to Buckingham ; thencewinding to the north through a rich tract of meadowland, pursues its way to Stony Stratford, Newport-Pagnell, and Olney ; soon afterwards, turning sud-denly to the east, it leaves the county near Brayfield.The Thame rises near the borders of the county inHertfordshire, and flowing through the vale of Ayles-bury from east to west, receives the waters of severalsmaller streams, and enters Oxfordshire near the townof Thame. The Grand Junction Canal enters thiscounty near Woolverton, and running eastward, goeswithin a mile of Newport-Pagnell; thence, flowing tothe south, it passes Fenny Stratford, Stoke Ham-mond, Linslade, and Ivinghoe, into Hertfordshire,near Bulbourne. From a branch of the canal at OldStratford, a cut has been made to Buckingham, andanother from Bulbourne to Wendover.

Buckinghamshire is in the diocese of Lincoln, withthe exception of six parishes belonging to the see ofCanterbury, and four to the diocese of London.

Buckinghamshire returns three members to parlia-ment, it having had an additional one granted by thelate Reform Act. The population amounts to146,529 persons. The polling places are Aylesbury,Buckingham, Newport-Pagnell, and Beaeonsfield.

fii’DA, a city of Hungary, the capital of the lowerdivision of the country, and the chief town in thecounty of Pillisch, stands on the west bank of theDanube, and is sometimes called New Buda, to dis-tinguish it from the old decayed town of Altofen, orOld Buda. It contains four distinct quarters; theupper town, which is fortified, and situated with itscastle on a rocky hill ; the lower town, or Waterstadt,which lies at the foot of the hill, is well built, and hascommunication by an immense bridge of boats acrossthe Danube with the opposite town of Pest; theNeustift, where is the remarkable trinity pillar, fifty-two feet in height; and, finally', the Taban, called inGerman, Raitzenstadt, from its being almost entirelypeopled with Rascians, a race of Sclavonians. Theother three quarters of the town are inhabited by Hun-ganans and Germans, and the population is about

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30,000. The castle of this place was chosen by theemperor Louis I. as his residence. Here Mathias I.founded a celebrated library, w hich was destroyed bythe Turks in 1526. Buda was in the hands of thatpeople from 1530 till 1686, when it was taken bystorm by the German troops, under the command ofthe duke of Lorraine. On this occasion the castlewas razed to the ground, and remained in that con-dition until the empress Maria Theresa ordered it tobe rebuilt for the use of the university, which was re-moved from Tyrnan to Buda in 1/77. This semi-nary, however, was subsequently removed to Pest, onthe opposite side of the Danube. In the Greekschool established in that part of the town calledTaban, both ancient and modern Greek are taught;it is here also that the bishop of the united Greekand catholic church has his seat. The palace inBuda, belonging to the Esterhazy family, exhibits •from its balcony', which stands on a rock above theDanube, a most extensive prospect of the country onthe opposite side. Buda is famous for its baths, whichare said to be efficacious in palsy', weakness of limbs,and similar complaints. They are five in number.The environs of the town produce excellent wine. In1810 the greater part of the Taban, with a part of theWaterstadt, was destroyed by fire, above 600 housesbecame a prey to the flames; but they have sincebeen rebuilt in a better style than before. 125 milesE. S. E. of Vienna, and 150 N. N. W. of Belgrade.Lon. 19° 2' 30" E„ lat. 47° 29'44" N.

Buddha, the founder of a very ancient religion,called after him. His worship, after the Bramins•had put a stop to it in India, spread to Japan, Thi-bet and China, where, as well as in Ceylon, it existsat the present day. Ritter, in his Introduction tothe Histories of the European Nations, advances theopinion, that the Buddhists also migrated to the N.W. to the shores of the Black Sea, to Colchis, to themodern Mingrelia, and thence to Thrace, where theylaid the foundation of the civilisation of the l’elasgiand Hellenes. Even in the doctrine of Asa, in the.extreme north, traces of Buddhism have been thoughtto appear. According to Abel Remusat, who citesthe Japan Encyclopaedia, in the Journal ties Savans ,Buddha, whose historical name was Tshakia-inuni,was born under the reign of Tshao-wang, of thedynasty of Tshett, 1029 B. C., and died under thereign of Mou-wang, 950 B. C. Before his death, heintrusted his disciple Mahakaya, a Bramin in the king-dom of Makata, which lay in the centre of India,with his mysteries. This Mahakaya, who livedunder Hio-wang, 950 B. C., is the first saint orpatriarch of Buddhism, which was left by him to hissuccessor, Atlanta.

The Japan Encyclopedia enumerates thirty-threepatriarchs, including Mahakaya, in chronological suc-cession, each of whom chose his successor, and trans-mitted to him the secret doctrine of Tshakia-muni,who was afterwards worshipped as a god, under thename of Buddha. Several of them died (or, to usethe language of the Buddhists, migrated) voluntarilyinto the flames. Among them, Maming; the successorof Buddha (by the Chinese called Phw-sa ; in San-scrit, Deva-Bodhisatua), who gave names to the godsof the second class, was worshipped as his son, bornfrom his mouth, because he perfected the doctrine ofBuddha by his own philosophy, which is a metaphy-sical allegorical mysticism, His epoch must be fixed,according to the above-mentioned work, in 332,X 2