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to every college is distributed, according to seniority,as a vacancy occurs.

The scholars are, in a few colleges, probationaryfellows; although, in some others, the attainment ofa scholarship is attended with no other beneficialconsequences than the receipt of a stated annualsum towards the education of the person who holdsit. The chaplain has a stipend, and generally“ chambers and provisions in his college.” His dutyconsists in the performance of divine service in thechapel. A Bible clerk performs a different duty invarious colleges, and his stipend, and the fund fromwhich it arises, differ in like manner. He is requiredto attend in the chapel, and to deliver in a list of theabsent undergraduates to the officer appointed toenforce the discipline of the college.

Exhibitioners, although not on the foundation, maybe reckoned amongst the dependent members, as theyreceive from particular schools, from the bequest ofprivate persons, or from the colleges themselves, astipend, which assists in supporting them during theircollegiate residence. The servitors also may be con-sidered as dependent members, having certain emolu-'ments from their society, whilst they enjoy all thebenefits of a collegiate education.

In each college one of the fellows is appointed tosuperintend its management during the absence ofthe head. He takes his title from that of the governorof the college, vice-president, sub-rector, &c. Thetutors undertake the direction of the classical, mathe-matical, and other studies of the junior members;they prepare them for the public examinations, andfurnish them with advice and assistance in otherrespects; many of the under-graduates' have alsoprivate tutors.

The office of dean consists in the due preservationof the college discipline. He also presents thecandidates for degrees in arts in the house of con-vocation.

The bursar receives the rents from the estates andother property belonging to the college; he dis-burses all sums necessary for the expenses of thesociety, and pays the stipends of the fellows, scholars,&c. He is generally assisted by another officer,entitled junior bursar.

In the colleges that have choirs, the singing clerks,choristers, and organists, may also be reckoned amongthe dependent members.

The halls of the university were originally privatedwelling-houses, erected by the inhabitants, andrented by the students for their general accommo-dation. After the erection of the colleges theydiminished in number, and sunk into neglect. Several,however, have retained a considerable portion oftheir former importance, having been improved bybenefactions. Each is governed by a principal, andby statutes originating in the chancellor of the uni-versity. The students possess the same privileges,and wear the same dress as those of the colleges.

The heads of colleges and halls have suitable resi-dences in their respective jurisdictions. Music andpublic readings are the only amusements allowed,with very few exceptions, and by very special leave.Habits of dissipation, and especially gambling andintemperance, have greatly declined of late years;whilst the number of students has increased.

Radciiffe library is a very handsome modernstructure, and possesses one of the most completecollections of works on natural philosophy extant.

The funds for building it were bequeathed by thecelebrated Dr. Radciiffe; and the foundation waslaid in 1737. Its dome affords a wide and mag.nificent view of Oxford with its spires and towers,and the adjacent scenery. The architect was Gibbs,who built St Martin’s Church, London.

Opposite the north gate of the library, with Rad-cliffc-square between, is the square of the schools;containing the treasures of the Bodleian (or uni-versity) library, founded by sir Thomas Bodley, onthe remains of the library of duke Humphrey ofGloucester, the picture gallery, with the Arundelmarbles and Fomfret statues. The picture galleryhas some few good historic and landscape pieces,with an extensive collection of interesting portraitsand busts. There are also models of some of themost precious remains of antiquity-the arch ofConstantine at Rome ; the Parthenon; the temple ofVesta at Tivoli, the Maison Carree at Nisntes; theChoragic monument of Lysicrates, commonly calledthe Lantern of Demosthenes, at Athens; the templeof “ Fortuna Virilis” at Rome; the theatre of Her-culaneum, the temples of Erectheus, Pandrosus, andMinerva Polias, on the Acropolis; the amphitheatreat Verona, and the temple of Vesta at Paestum.

The Arundel marbles, collected in Asia, and pre-sented by the duke of Norfolk in 1677, are curiousas illustrations of history rather than as works of art.The Pomfret statues were presented by the countessof Pomfret in 1755.

“ The Botanic Garden was founded by Henry lordD’Anvers, earl of Danby. The first stone of the wallswas laid by the vice-chancellor, on the 25th of July,1G22; they were finished in 1G33, are fourteen feethigh, and cost 500/. It is ornamented with a bust ofthe earl of Danby. On the right and left are statuesof Charles I. and II., which were purchased withthe money arising from a fine levied on the Oxfordantiquary, Anthony a Wood, for having libelledthe character of the earl of Clarendon in the firstedition of his Athena; Oxonienses. On the left-hand side of the gateway is the library, which cor-responds with a greenhouse on the opposite side. Itcontains a good collection of books on botany andother branches of natural history, and the celebratedherbariums of Sherard and Dillenius. There arethree greenhouses, two on the right-hand side of thegateway, and one on the left; and, without the walls,eastward of the garden, is a small hothouse, of ancientconstruction, in which are kept a few of the morescarce and curious plants. In the open parts ofthe garden there is a good collection of plants,arranged according to tire Linnsean system. Theground on which the garden stands was formerly aburying-place for the Jews, who resided in greatnumbers in Oxford until they were driven fromEngland by Edward I., in 1200. This garden is theoldest establishment of the kind in England. WilliamSherard, D.C.L., sometime fellow of St. John’s Col-lege, bequeathed 3000/. to the university for theendowment of a professorship, which is in the gift ofthe college of physicians.

The Clarendon printing-office was erected earlyin the eighteenth century, and the expense was de-frayed by the profits derived from the earl of Claren-don’s “ History of the Rebellion.” The architectVanbrugh has executed a durable but heavy structure,really well fitted for the purpose for which itoriginally designed. The university has now, how-