758 LUNDEN-Ll

Charles II., and James II. granted a new charter. Ithas a population of 5253 persons, and the annualvalue of the real property, as assessed in 1815, amountsto 9407/. It is 142 miles N.W. of London, andtwentv-niue S. of Shrewsbury. Lon. 2° 40' E., lat.52° 22' N.

Lunden. A town of Sweden, in the province ofScania, about five miles from the Baltic. It is par-ticularly celebrated for its university and cathedral.The latter editice is a magnificent structure, and hasa very lofty spire, which serves as a mark for sailors,being visible at a great distance. The altar of thischurch is of very elegant workmanship, its clock alsois very curious and interesting, and from the numberof its movements and figures, may vie with those ofLyons and Strasburgh. Every hour two horsemencome out and encounter each other, at the sametime a door opens which discovers the Virgin Marysitting on a throne with her infant in her arms, andthe Magi with their retinue presenting their gifts.This clock, besides the hours, shows the month andday of every festival throughout the year. Theuniversity was founded in 1GG6, by Charles XI., andthe students are about three hundred in number, whoare taught by fifteen professors. The university hasa botanical garden, a library containing twenty thou-sand volumes, an anatomical theatre, &c. Theinhabitants of Lunden are about four thousand innumber; and it is twenty-one miles E. of Copen-hagen, and thirty-eight S. W. of Christianstadt.Lon. 13° 12' 42" E„ lat. 55° 42' 2G" N.

Lunebubg. The capital town of the province ofLuneburg, in the kingdom of Hanover. It standson the banks of the ilmenau, which is navigable tothis town. Luneburg originally held a leading rankamong the Hanse Towns, and is still, after Emden,the most busy place in Hanover. Its inhabitantscarry on a very considerable trade in horses, nearly80,000 being annually brought here for the purposeof sale. It also possesses an excellent salt spring,from which large quantities of salt are annually made.On the western side of the town is a place calledRalkberg,from which 20,000 tons of lime are procuredand sent yearly to Hamburgh and various otherplaces in Germany. Luneburg is a very gloomylooking town, surrounded by a wall, and filled withold-fashioned heavy looking houses. In the market-place stands the palace of the prince, and oppositeto it is the church of St. Michael, in which many ofthe ancient dukes of Luneburg are buried. Thistown has rather more than 10,000 inhabitants.

Lunebubg. Formerly a principality of LowerSaxony, at present a province of Hanover. TheElbe forms its boundary on the north and north-east.Luneburg is a vast plain of sand, interrupted occa-sionally by deep moors and forests of pine. Themarshes on the rivers are, however, wonderfullyproductive, but they are better fitted for pasture, andthe cultivation of garden vegetables, than for tillage.The rivers of the province all flow into the Elbe ortbe Weser, the high land whiph divides the basins ofthese two rivers forming the great Luneburg heath.The dikes, which protect the country from the inun-dations of the Elbe, are enormously expensive. Aboutseven-tenths of the whole province are incapable ofcultivation, and corn is not produced in quantitiessuffici nt to supply the inhabitants. Flax is exten-sively raised, and the cattle are numerous and of agood description. Bees are kept on the heaths, and

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the fisheries in the rivers are important. Salt, wool,linen, beeswax, and wooden-wares, are the chiefexports. The gioat commercial road from Hamburgto Hanover and Brunswick, runs through the pro-vince, and the towns of Luneburg and Celle carry ona considerable commission business. Luneburg wasoriginally an allodial estate of the house of Bruns-wick, and gave its name to one of the branches ofthe family. The principality of Luneburg has a terri-torial extent of 4325 square miles, and 270,000inhabitants. It is governed by its own states, anilhas its own courts of justice. At Zell in this province,there is a court of appeal for the whole Hanoverianstates.

Luneville. An open French city of Lorraine,in the department of the Meurthe. It stands nearthe junction of the Vesoul and the Meurthe. Thegeneral appearance of this town is handsome. Thepublic edifices and the houses are on the whole vervgood. The castle was built by Leopold duke ofLorraine, and was inhabited after 1735 by Stanislaus,king of Poland, who made important improvementsboth in the castle and town, where he founded anacademy, and furnished it with a good library. Inthe centre of the town stands the handsome churchof St. James, w hich was also repaired and ornamentedby Stanislaus. In addition to this he also drained alarge marsh in the neighbourhood, and formed severalelegant public walks. The celebrated peace ofLuneville was concluded, Feb. 9,1801, between Aus-tria, in the name of the German empire, and theFrench republic, upon the basis of the peace ofCampo-Formio. Belgium and the left bank of theRhine were ceded to France; Milan and Mantuato the Cisalpine republic ; Venice and the country asfar as the Adige, Istria, and Dalmatia, to Austria.The princes on tbe left bank of the Rhine were tobe indemnified by territories within the empire.Austria ceded the Frickthal, and the strip of landbetween Basle and Zurzach, to France, who, in 1802,gave them to Switzerland. Austria ceded Brisgauto the duke of Modena, and consented to the erectionof the kingdom of Etruria, for which the grand dukeof Tuscany was to be indemnified in Germany. Thevalley of the Rhine formed the boundary of France.The navigation of the river was declared free, andremained so until 1804, when a toll was imposed forthe complete indemnification of several members ofthe empire. Luneville has 12,000 inhabitants, and istwelve miles E.S.E. of Nancy, and eighty \V. ofStrasburg. Lon. G° 34' E., lat. 48° 3G' N.

Lutebcalia. A yearly festival observed at Koine,on the 15th of February, in honour of the god Pan,surnamed Lupcrars (from luj/us, wolf, and arceo, todrive away), the defender from wolves. It was usualfirst to sacrifice two goats and a dog, and to touch,with the bloody knife, the foreheads of two illustriousyouths, who were always obliged to smile while tneywere touched. The blood was wiped away with sonwool dipped in milk. After this, the skins of thevictims were cut into thongs, with which whips weremade for the youths. With these whips theyran about the streets, all naked except the middle,and whipped those they met. Women, in particular,were fond of receiving the lashes, as it was believedthat they removed barrenness, and eased the pains ofchild-birth. This excursion in the streets of Romewas performed by naked youths, because Pan isalways represented naked, and a goat was sacrificed