ITHACA
tlie language was called, which originated after theinvasion of the barbarians) a volgarc illtistre, cardina/e,ulicum, curialc ; but this sufficiently proves that heheld the opinion above stated. Fernow mentionsfifteen chief dialects, of which the Tuscan has six sub-divisions. Those dialects in which no literary pro-ductions exist are not enumerated. The Italian, aswe find it at present, in literature and with the welleducated, is essentially a Latin dialect. Its stock isLatin, changed, to be sure, in its grammar and con-struction, by the infusion of the modern spirit into theantique, as the character of the people underwent thesame change. A number of Latin forms of words,which, even in the time of the Romans, existed in
— I V I C A. 553
common language, have been, by the course of timeand revolutions in literature, elevated to a grammati-cal rank ; and the same is very probably true of formsof phraseology. In many instances, the Italian exhi-bits changes in the Latin forms, which have evidentlytaken place in the same way in which common people,in our days, corrupt the correct modes of speechby a rapid, or slurred, or mistaken pronunciation.
The present political divisions of Italy, and theamount of population in 1827, is given in theaccompanying table. We have selected the popula-tion of that period, as it is the latest which has thestamp of authenticity.
Political Divisions.
Surface insquare miles,60 to thedegree.
Population at thebeginning of1827.
Army in 182“.
Independent Italy, .....
72,902
16,060,500
66,940
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, . . .
31,800
7,420,000
30,000
Kingdom of Sardinia, ..
18,180
3,800,000
23,000
States of the Church, . . . . .
13,000
2,590,000
6,000
Grand Duchy of Tuscany, . .
6,324
1,275,000
4,000
Duchy of Parma . . . . . .
1,660
440,000
1,320
Duchy of Modena, with Massa and Carrara,
1,571
379,000
1,780
Duchy of Lucca, . . . . . .
312
143,000
800
Republic of St. Marino, ....
17
7,000
40
Principality of Monaco, . . . .
38
6,500
Italy subject to Foreign Powers,
22,030
5,337,000
52,120
Austrian Italy (Lombardo-Venetian kingdom, Italian )Tyrol, and part of the government of Trieste), (
17,800
4,930,000
50,000
French Italy (island of Corsica), . . . .
2,852
185,000
Swiss Italy (canton of Tessin, some parts of the Gri- >sons, and of the Valais), . . . £
1,250
126,000
2,120
English Italy (the group of Malta),
128
96,000
Total . . . . , .
94,932
21,397,-500
119,060
Ithaca. Sec Thiaki.
Ivel. A river in Dorsetshire, which enters Somer-setshire, passes by Yeovil and II Chester, and falls intothe Parret at Langport.
Ives, St. A market town in the county of Corn-wall, which stands in the eastern angle of the bay ofSt. Ives. The inhabitants are principally employedin the pilchard fishery, great numbers of which areannually exported from the town. In consequenceof the inconvenience which was felt from the north-west winds blowing into the port, and often chokingit up with sand, it was resolved, in 1816, by themagistrates and trustees of the pier and port, toextend the pier, and to construct a breakwater toshelter it, by which means it is calculated that theharbour will accommodate upwards of 200 sail ofvessels, in from two and a half to four fathoms waterat spring tides. Sand banks, in many places a milewide, and elevated fifty or sixty yards above thelevel of the sea, extend all along the coast fromSt. Ives, almost to Padstow. This range is nowgenerally covered with turf, and affords pasturage tosheep; but it is evidently of recent formation; for,°" digging to a certain depth, regular inclosures, andthe remains of houses, have been found. This irrup-tion of sand, by which undoubtedly a great changehas been effected in the appearance of the land alongthe coast, is traditionally reported to have happened
in the sixteenth century. Previous to 1831, St. Ivesreturned two members to parliament; but this privi-lege was then withdrawn, and it is now simply amarket town. The population by the last censusamounts to 4776 persons; and the annual value ofthe real property, as assessed in 1815, amounts to5530/. It is 277 miles S.W. of London, and twenty-four W#of Truro.
Ives, St. A market town in the county of Hunt-ingdon. It is pleasantly situated on the bank of theriver Ouse, over which is thrown a handsome stonebridge. This town is believed to have derived itsname from Ivo, a bishop who founded a Benedictinepriory in the place, and bestowed his name on thetown. The inhabitants do not exceed 3000 persons ;and it is sprty miles north of London, and fivesouth-east of Huntingdon. Lon. 0° 5' W., lat. 62°20' N.
Ivica. The principal island of a group in theMediterranean sea, which belongs to the kingdom ofSpain. Its extent does not exceed 190 square miles,and its population 20,000.
Iviya was one of the first islands in this part of theMediterranean occupied by the Carthaginians: itbelonged for several centuries to the Romans, andnearly as long to the Moors. It fell into the handsof the Spaniards in 1294, and submitted to sir JohnLeake with a British squadron during the succession