INTRODUCTION, MEDALS, ETC.

iii

and unambiguous manner by their Royal founder,xlviii.; remarks on the ridiculous claims recently madeby the Baronets to various “ rights,” &c. xlviii.; Baro-nets of Nova Scotia made by King Charles the First,in 1625; authorized in 1629 to wear a particularbadge, xlviii.; Badges worn by the Kings of Arms,the Officers of the Orders of the Garter and Thistle,and the King’s Messengers, xlviii.; intention of KingCharles the Second to institute an Order of Knight-hood for those who had supported the Royal Causeduring the rebellion, which was to be called TheOrder of the Royal Oak ; the proposed badge de-scribed ; the design abandoned for political reasons,xlix.; remarks upon the revival of the Order of theBath by King George the First, in 1725, xlix.; In-stitution of the Order of St. Patrick by KingGeorge the Third, in 1783, 1.; remarks upon the ex-tension of the Order of the Bath to three Classes, in1815, 1.; state of the Order 1st March 1841, li.; In-stitution of the Order of the Guelphs by thePrince Regent in 1815, li.; Institution of the Orderof St. Michael and St. George in April 1818 ; thelast British Order that has been instituted, lii.; GoldMedals, Crosses, and Clasps given by the Sove-reign to officers of the navy and army; the WaterlooMedal; two Medals instituted in 1830 to reward the“ long services and good conduct” of non-commis-sioned Officers and Privates of the Army, and of thePetty Officers and Seamen of the Royal Navy, andthe non-commissioned Officers and Privates of theRoyal Marines, lii.; observations respecting theprinciple upon which Orders and Decorations in thisCountry have been bestowed, liii—lvii.; statementshewing the number of natives of England who aremembers of British Orders, of those who wear deco-rations given by the Sovereign for Military or Navalservices, and of those who have been permitted toaccept Foreign Orders, lvii.; the number of indivi-duals possessed of hereditary Honours is larger thanof those who wear Distinctions given by their ownSovereign, and very much greater than the Membersof the Orders of Knighthood, lix.; on the necessityof revising the Statutes of the Orders of the Garter,the Thistle, the Bath, and St. Patrick, lix.; conclud-ing Remarks, lx, lxi.

MEDALS, CHAINS, CLASPS, and CROSSES—Conferred in reward of Military or Naval services;General History of, 3—56; Medals only recently madethe reward of military services, and worn as personaldecorations, 3; uncertain when the custom began inEngland, 3; Chains and Medals were given by Sove-reigns and Princes as tokens of favour, both to theirown subjects and Ambassadors or Envoys, 3,4; in thefifteenth century it was as usual to place Chains andMedals in the hat, or bonnet, as to suspend themfrom the neck, 4; description of Medals so given,from the reign of King Henry the Eighth to that ofKing Charles the First, 4 ; Silver oval Medals seemto have been given for naval achievements in thereigns of Queen Elizabeth and King James the First,4; Badge established by King Charles the First inMay 1643, to reward soldiers who might distinguishthemselves in “ Forlorn-Hopes,” 4 ; warrant for thatpurpose issued to the Wardens of the Mint, 5; de-scription of the Medal given by King Charles theFirst to Sir Robert Welch, or Walsh, for his services

at the battle of Edgehill, in October 1642, 6; Actpassed by the Long Parliament, in 1649, for providingMedals for Officers and Seamen of the fleet who haddistinguished themselves at sea, 6, 7 ; description ofthe Medal struck by the Parliament to reward Cap-tain Robert Wyard for defending his ship against sixfrigates on the night of the 31st July 1650, 7, 8;Medal struck to commemorate Cromwell’s defeat ofthe Scottish army at Dunbar, 3rd September 1650,8 ; institution, about 1651, of the Medal of “ the Par-liament ;” it cannot be described with certainty, butwas distinct from the Naval Medal of the Common-wealth, 9 ; other Medals struck about this time, 9 ;Chains and Medals given to the Commanders andOfficers of the English fleet for the victory over theDutch off the Texel, 31st July 1653,9, 10; descriptionof the Medals then given, 10 ; Honorary Medals be-stowed by King Charles the Second, 11; by King Wil-liam and Queen Mary, 12 ; Act of Parliament passedin 1692, in which provision was made for the grant ofMedals to Officers, Marines, and Seamen, whohad per-formed extraordinary services, 12; Medals struck incommemoration of the battle of La Hogue, in May1692; description of the Medal given on that occasionto Admiral Russell, 12, 13; Medals given by the Lordsof the Admiralty in 1659, 13; Queen Anne rewardedNaval services with Honorary Medals, but it does notappear that they were conferred either on officers orprivates as personal distinctions, 13 : Medals struckin honour of the successful attack of Admiral SirGeorge Rooke upon the French and Spanish galleonsin Vigo Bay, 11th October 1702, 13; notices ofother Honorary Medals, from the accession of theHouse of Guelph until the battle of Ushant, in June1794, 14, 15 ; Honorary Medals instituted by KingGeorge the Third:

I. Naval Medals —Description of the Medals dis-tributed to the Flag-officers and Post-Captains ofthe fleet after Earl Howe’s victory of the 1st June1794, 16, 17; names of the Captains to whommedals were then given, 18 ; letter of Earl Spencer,the First Lord of the Admiralty, accompanyingthe Medals, 18; the manner in which this dis-tinction was conferred excited much discontent;cases of Captain Collingvvood and Lieutenant Don-nelly ; the Medal subsequently given to the former,but refused to the latter, 19 ; Medal bestowed forthe victory off Cape St. Vincent by Admiral Sir JohnJervis, K.B., on the 14th February 1797; names ofthe Officers who received it, and description there-of, 20 ; Medal given for the victory offCamperdown,11th October, 1797 ; names of the Officers on whomit was bestowed, 21 ; for the battle of the Nile, 1stAugust 1798 ; names of the Officers, 21; case of SirThomas Trowbridge, 21, 22 ; Medal given to CaptainHamilton, of the Surprise, for the re-capture of theHermione, under the batteries of Porto-Cabello, 25thOctober 1799, 22; Medals conferred for the victoryof Trafalgar, 21st October, 1805, 22, 23 ; that whichwould have been given to Lord Nelson was deli-vered to his family, and those of the Captains whofell in the action were sent to their widows in April1807; the Medals subsequently given to the SeniorLieutenants who commanded the Ajax and Thun-derer in that action, 23, 24 n. ; Medals conferred forthe capture off Ferrol, of the French ships that escapedat Trafalgar, by the squadron under Captain SirRichard Strachan, 4th November, 1805, 24; for